Ranula
Submandibular Gland
Salivary Glands
Parotid Gland
Salivary Proteins and Peptides
Serous Membrane
Mouth Floor
Mucin-5B
Secretory Vesicles
Hypertrophy
Mucins
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
Salivary Ducts
Abscess
Peritonsillar Abscess
Pleural Cavity
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Ludwig's Angina
Salivary mucin MG1 is comprised almost entirely of different glycosylated forms of the MUC5B gene product. (1/112)
The MG1 population of mucins was isolated from human whole salivas by gel chromatography followed by isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. The reduced and alkylated MG1 mucins, separated by anion exchange chromatography, were of similar size (radius of gyration 55-64 nm) and molecular weight (2.5-2.9 x 10(6) Da). Two differently-charged populations of MG1 subunits were observed which showed different reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to glycan epitopes. Monosaccharide and amino acid compositional analyses indicated that the MG1 subunits had similar glycan structures on the same polypeptide. An antiserum recognizing the MUC5B mucin was reactive across the entire distribution, whereas antisera raised against the MUC2 and MUC5AC mucins showed no reactivity. Western blots of agarose gel electrophoresis of fractions across the anion exchange distribution indicated that the polypeptide underlying the mucins was the product of the MUC5B gene. Amino acid analysis and peptide mapping performed on the fragments produced by trypsin digestion of the two MG1 populations yielded data similar to that obtained for MUC5B mucin subunits prepared from respiratory mucus (Thornton et al., 1997) and confirmed that the MUC5B gene product was the predominant mucin polypeptide present. Isolation of the MG1 mucins from the secretions of the individual salivary glands (palatal, sublingual, and submandibular) indicate that the palatal gland is the source of the highly charged population of the MUC5B mucin. (+info)Pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 mRNA in female mouse lacrimal gland. (2/112)
PURPOSE: Differential display analysis was used to look for gender differences in lacrimal gland gene expression. The expression of a female-specific mouse lacrimal gland mRNA that encoded pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 (PLRP1) was identified and characterized. METHODS: Differential display analysis of the exorbital lacrimal glands of male and female Swiss Webster mice detected a potential female-specific cDNA, designated Y2. Using the technique of rapid amplification of cDNA ends, a full-length cDNA of Y2 was obtained and the nucleotide sequence determined. To assess tissue-specific expression, a labeled Y2 cDNA probe was hybridized to RNA blots of male and female mouse lacrimal, harderian, parotid, mandibular, sublingual, and pancreas glands and liver. Y2 cDNA was also hybridized to RNA blots of male and female rat lacrimal gland and male rat pancreas. To determine subcellular localization, Y2 sense and antisense RNA probes were hybridized to female mouse lacrimal gland frozen sections. RESULTS: GenBank database sequence comparisons indicated that Y2 encoded mouse PLRP1. RNA blots documented that PLRP1 was expressed in female, but not in male, mouse lacrimal gland. PLRP1 mRNA was also expressed in male and female mouse sublingual gland and pancreas. Expression of PLRP1 was not detected in male or female rat lacrimal gland. In situ hybridization showed that PLRP1 was expressed in the acinar cells of the female mouse lacrimal gland. CONCLUSIONS: Lacrimal gland expression of PLRP1 mRNA was gender and species specific. Female, but not male, mouse lacrimal gland expressed PLRPI mRNA. Neither female nor male rat lacrimal gland expressed PLRP1 mRNA. PLRP1 protein may be secreted in mouse tears, where it may function as a lipolytic enzyme, modifying tear film lipids. (+info)Evidence of a phenotypically determined ductal cell lineage in mouse salivary glands. (3/112)
The submandibular salivary gland of mice contains a parenchymal element, the granular duct, which matures peripubertally from the striated ducts. Granular duct cells also differentiate from intercalated ducts in the adult mouse submandibular gland. Using preproNGF-A as a signature protein of mature granular duct cells, this study inquired if phenotypic determination might have occurred earlier than the first signs of cellular differentiation. Results from RT-PCR indicate the presence of preproNGF-A transcripts at all postnatal stages of development of the submandibular glands, as well as in adult sublingual glands. The preproNGF-A transcript was also detected prenatally as early as embryonic day 17 in the submandibular/sublingual complex. Using an antibody directed specifically against the "pre" peptide, immunocytochemistry showed preproNGF-A localized in the granular ducts and striated ducts of the adult submandibular gland. In addition preproNGF-A was detected throughout the first order branches of the intercalated duct system. In the neonatal gland, preproNGF-A was found in the large tubules that differentiate to the striated ducts. The early appearance of preproNGF-A in the histological lineage that sequentially gives rise to striated ducts and then to granular ducts suggests that this lineage is phenotypically determined as early as birth. An undifferentiated stage of the phenotypically determined lineage also appears to be retained in the intercalated duct system to provide progenitors for subsequent differentiation in the adult gland. Throughout development of the sublingual gland, preproNGF-A was detectable in the striated ducts or in their predecessors, suggesting that they may also represent a phenotypically determined cell lineage similar to that of the submandibular gland. (+info)Further characterization of human salivary anticandidal activities in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive cohort by use of microassays. (4/112)
Salivary anticandidal activities play an important role in oral candidal infection. R. P. Santarpia et al. (Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 7:38-43, 1992) developed in vitro anticandidal assays to measure the ability of saliva to inhibit the viability of Candida albicans blastoconidia and the formation of germ tubes by C. albicans. In this report, we describe modifications of these assays for use with small volumes of saliva (50 to 100 microl). For healthy subjects, there is strong inhibition of blastoconidial viability in stimulated parotid (75%), submandibular-sublingual (74%), and whole (97%) saliva, as well as strong inhibition of germ tube formation (>80%) for all three saliva types. The susceptibility of several Candida isolates to inhibition of viability by saliva collected from healthy subjects is independent of body source of Candida isolation (blood, oral cavity, or vagina) or the susceptibility of the isolate to the antifungal drug fluconazole. Salivary anticandidal activities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls for inhibition of blastoconidial viability (P < 0.05) and germ tube formation (P < 0. 001). Stimulated whole-saliva flow rates were also significantly lower (P < 0.05) for HIV-infected patients. These results show that saliva of healthy individuals has anticandidal activity and that this activity is reduced in the saliva of HIV-infected patients. These findings may help explain the greater incidence of oral candidal infections for individuals with AIDS. (+info)The serous demilune of rat sublingual gland is an artificial structure produced by conventional fixation. (5/112)
The ultrastructure of the secretory end-piece of the rat sublingual gland was examined in samples prepared by rapid freezing and freeze-substitution method, and results were analyzed in combination with 3-D images reconstructed by computer graphics from light micrographs of serial sections. Fixation by rapid freezing followed by freeze-substitution preserved cellular ultrastructures, especially the membrane structure, in perfect condition, and demonstrated the terminal portion of the sublingual gland to be a compound branched tubulo-alveolar gland with serous cells distributed throughout the end-pieces. All the serous cells aligned with mucous cells to surround a common lumen, leaving no demilune structure. In contrast, samples fixed by the conventional immersion method showed distended mucous cells displacing the serous cells toward the basal portion of the acinus to form the demilune structure. The luminal space was also compressed and appeared disconnected from the serous cells. From these observations, the serous demilune that for more than 130 years has been believed to be an actual histological entity was proved to be an artificial structure produced through compression by the hydrated and expanded mucous cells during immersion fixation. (+info)The effects of sialoadenectomy and exogenous EGF on taste bud morphology and maintenance. (6/112)
Taste buds on the dorsal tongue surface are continually bathed in saliva rich in epidermal growth factor (EGF). In the following experiment, taste bud number and morphology were monitored following submandibular and sublingual salivary gland removal (sialoadenectomy), to determine if EGF plays a role in the maintenance and formation of taste buds. Adult male rats were divided into four groups: sialoadenectomized (SX, n = 4); sialoadenectomized with EGF replacement (SX + EGF, n = 5); sham-operated (SH, n = 4); and sham-operated with exogenous EGF (SH + EGF, n = 5). After a 3 week recovery, SX + EGF and SH + EGF animals were given 50 microg/day EGF in their drinking water for 14 days. At day 14, saliva was collected, the animals were killed and the presence of EGF determined by radioligand-binding assay. Tongues were removed and histologically examined for the presence and morphology of taste buds on fungiform and circumvallate papillae, or immunostained for the presence of EGF, TGFalpha (transforming growth factor alpha) and EGFR (EGF receptor). The removal of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands resulted in the loss of fungiform taste buds and normal fungiform papillae morphology. These effects were reversed by EGF supplementation, indicating a role for EGF in fungiform taste bud maintenance. In addition, supplementation of EGF to sham-operated animals increased the size of fungiform taste buds. In contrast, removal of salivary glands had no effect on the size, numbers, or morphology of circumvallate taste buds, suggesting that the formation and maintenance of taste buds in fungiform and circumvallate papillae may involve different and distinct processes. EGF, TGFalpha and EGFR were localized to distinct layers of the dorsal epithelium and to within both fungiform and circumvallate taste buds. Their expression within the epithelium or taste buds was not altered with sialoadenectomy, indicating that the actions of endogenous EGF and TGFalpha are distinct and not regulated by exogenous EGF and TGFalpha supplied in saliva. (+info)Muscarinic receptor-induced acidification in sublingual mucous acinar cells: loss of pH recovery in Na+-H+ exchanger-1 deficient mice. (7/112)
1. Intracellular pH (pHi) plays an important role in regulating fluid and electrolyte secretion by salivary gland acinar cells. The pH-sensitive, fluorescent dye 2', 7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxylfluorescein (BCECF) was used to characterize the mechanisms involved in regulating pHi during muscarinic stimulation in mouse sublingual mucous acinar cells. 2. In the presence of HCO3-, muscarinic stimulation caused a rapid decrease in pHi (0.24 +/- 0.02 pH units) followed by a slow recovery rate (0.042 +/- 0.002 pH units min-1) to the initial resting pHi in sublingual acinar cells. The muscarinic receptor-induced acidification in parotid acinar cells was of a similar magnitude (0. 25 +/- 0.02 pH units), but in contrast, the recovery rate was approximately 4-fold faster (0.181 +/- 0.005 pH units min-1). 3. The agonist-induced intracellular acidification was inhibited by the anion channel blocker niflumate, and was prevented in the absence of HCO3- by treatment with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor methazolamide. These results indicate that the muscarinic-induced acidification is due to HCO3- loss, probably mediated by an anion conductive pathway. 4. The Na+-H+ exchange inhibitor 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) amplified the magnitude of the agonist-induced acidification and completely blocked the Na+-dependent pHi recovery. 5. To examine the molecular nature of the Na+-H+ exchange mechanism in sublingual acinar cells, pH regulation was investigated in mice lacking Na+-H+ exchanger isoforms 1 and 2 (NHE1 and NHE2, respectively). The magnitude and the rate of pHi recovery in response to an acid load in acinar cells isolated from mice lacking NHE2 were comparable to that observed in cells from wild-type animals. In contrast, targeted disruption of the Nhe1 gene completely abolished pHi recovery from an acid load. These results demonstrate that NHE1 is critical for regulating pHi during a muscarinic agonist-stimulated acid challenge and probably plays an important role in regulating fluid secretion in the sublingual exocrine gland. 6. In NHE1-deficient mice, sublingual acinar cells failed to recover from an acid load in the presence of bicarbonate. These results confirm that the major regulatory mechanism involved in pHi recovery from an acid load is not Na+-HCO3- cotransport, but amiloride-sensitive Na+-H+ exchange via isoform 1. (+info)Accumulation of common T cell clonotypes in the salivary glands of patients with human T lymphotropic virus type I-associated and idiopathic Sjogren's syndrome. (8/112)
To clarify the pathogenesis of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated Sjogren's syndrome (SS), the TCR Vbeta gene usage by the infiltrating lymphocytes in the target organ was examined. The Vbeta families predominantly used in the labial salivary gland (LSG) from the HTLV-I-seropositive (HTLV-I+) SS patients were more restricted than those from the HTLV-I-seronegative (idiopathic) SS patients, and were commonly Vbeta5.2, Vbeta6, and Vbeta7. The single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis revealed that T cell clonotypes with Vbeta5.2, Vbeta6, and Vbeta7 accumulate in the LSG from the HTLV-I+ and idiopathic SS patients. Among junctional sequences of the most dominant Vbeta7 transcripts, the conserved amino acid motif (QDXG: X is any amino acid) was found in six of the five HTLV-I+ SS patients and was also detected in two of the five idiopathic SS patients. Using the probes specific to the motif, the Vbeta7 transcripts with the motif were detected in the LSG from all of the seven HTLV-I+ and five of the six idiopathic SS patients, but not from eight healthy subjects. The Vbeta7 transcripts with this motif were also detected in the HTLV-I-infected T cell lines obtained from the LSG of an HTLV-I+ SS patient. The accumulation of HTLV-I-infected T cells expressing TCR with the conserved motif was thus indicated. These T cells were commonly present in patients with idiopathic SS and are strongly suggested to most likely be involved in the pathogenesis of both HTLV-I-associated and idiopathic SS. (+info)The sublingual glands are a pair of salivary glands located in the floor of the mouth, beneath the tongue. They are the smallest of the major salivary glands and produce around 5-10% of the total saliva in the mouth. The sublingual glands secrete saliva containing electrolytes, enzymes (such as amylase), and antibacterial compounds that help in digestion, lubrication, and protection against microorganisms.
The sublingual glands' secretions are released through multiple small ducts called the ducts of Rivinus or minor sublingual ducts, as well as a larger duct called the duct of Wharton, which is a common excretory duct for both sublingual and submandibular glands.
Sublingual gland dysfunction can lead to conditions such as dry mouth (xerostomia), dental caries, or oral infections.
Sublingual gland neoplasms refer to the abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the sublingual salivary glands, which are located beneath the tongue in the floor of the mouth. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign sublingual gland neoplasms are typically slow-growing and cause little to no discomfort, although they may become large enough to interfere with speaking, swallowing, or breathing. Malignant sublingual gland neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow rapidly, invade surrounding tissues, and potentially spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.
The most common type of benign sublingual gland neoplasm is a pleomorphic adenoma, while malignant tumors may include mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment options for sublingual gland neoplasms depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor but often involve surgical excision, with or without radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.
A ranula is a type of mucocele, which is a mucus-containing cyst that forms in the mouth. Specifically, a ranula is a mucocele that develops in the floor of the mouth, usually as a result of a blocked salivary gland duct. It appears as a smooth, dome-shaped swelling that is bluish or transparent in color. Ranulas can cause discomfort, particularly when speaking, eating, or swallowing, and they may interfere with normal oral function if they become large enough. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the cyst, along with any affected salivary gland tissue.
The submandibular glands are one of the major salivary glands in the human body. They are located beneath the mandible (jawbone) and produce saliva that helps in digestion, lubrication, and protection of the oral cavity. The saliva produced by the submandibular glands contains enzymes like amylase and mucin, which aid in the digestion of carbohydrates and provide moisture to the mouth and throat. Any medical condition or disease that affects the submandibular gland may impact its function and could lead to problems such as dry mouth (xerostomia), swelling, pain, or infection.
Salivary glands are exocrine glands that produce saliva, which is secreted into the oral cavity to keep the mouth and throat moist, aid in digestion by initiating food breakdown, and help maintain dental health. There are three major pairs of salivary glands: the parotid glands located in the cheeks, the submandibular glands found beneath the jaw, and the sublingual glands situated under the tongue. Additionally, there are numerous minor salivary glands distributed throughout the oral cavity lining. These glands release their secretions through a system of ducts into the mouth.
The parotid gland is the largest of the major salivary glands. It is a bilobed, accessory digestive organ that secretes serous saliva into the mouth via the parotid duct (Stensen's duct), located near the upper second molar tooth. The parotid gland is primarily responsible for moistening and lubricating food to aid in swallowing and digestion.
Anatomically, the parotid gland is located in the preauricular region, extending from the zygomatic arch superiorly to the angle of the mandible inferiorly, and from the masseter muscle anteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid muscle posteriorly. It is enclosed within a fascial capsule and has a rich blood supply from the external carotid artery and a complex innervation pattern involving both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers.
Parotid gland disorders can include salivary gland stones (sialolithiasis), infections, inflammatory conditions, benign or malignant tumors, and autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome.
Salivary proteins and peptides refer to the diverse group of molecules that are present in saliva, which is the clear, slightly alkaline fluid produced by the salivary glands in the mouth. These proteins and peptides play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and contributing to various physiological functions.
Some common types of salivary proteins and peptides include:
1. **Mucins**: These are large, heavily glycosylated proteins that give saliva its viscous quality. They help to lubricate the oral cavity, protect the mucosal surfaces, and aid in food bolus formation.
2. **Amylases**: These enzymes break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars, initiating the digestive process even before food reaches the stomach.
3. **Proline-rich proteins (PRPs)**: PRPs contribute to the buffering capacity of saliva and help protect against tooth erosion by forming a protective layer on tooth enamel.
4. **Histatins**: These are small cationic peptides with antimicrobial properties, playing a significant role in maintaining oral microbial homeostasis and preventing dental caries.
5. **Lactoferrin**: An iron-binding protein that exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities, contributing to the overall oral health.
6. **Statherin and Cystatins**: These proteins regulate calcium phosphate precipitation, preventing dental calculus formation and maintaining tooth mineral homeostasis.
Salivary proteins and peptides have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Alterations in the composition of these molecules can provide valuable insights into various oral and systemic diseases, making them promising biomarkers for disease detection and monitoring.
A serous membrane is a type of thin, smooth tissue that lines the inside of body cavities and surrounds certain organs. It consists of two layers: an outer parietal layer that lines the cavity wall, and an inner visceral layer that covers the organ. Between these two layers is a small amount of fluid called serous fluid, which reduces friction and allows for easy movement of the organs within the body cavity.
Serous membranes are found in several areas of the body, including the pleural cavity (around the lungs), the pericardial cavity (around the heart), and the peritoneal cavity (around the abdominal organs). They play an important role in protecting these organs and allowing them to move smoothly within their respective cavities.
Silver proteins are a type of compound that consists of silver ions (Ag+) bonded to protein molecules. These compounds are often used in medical applications, including topical creams and ointments, for their antimicrobial properties. The silver ions in the compound can help to kill or inhibit the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
The protein component of silver proteins helps to stabilize the silver ions and control their release, which can improve the efficacy and safety of the product. The protein may also help to enhance the penetration of the silver ions into the skin or other tissues, allowing for more effective killing of microorganisms.
Silver proteins are used in a variety of medical products, including wound dressings, creams and gels for the treatment of burns and other types of wounds, and as a coating on medical devices to prevent infection. They have been shown to be effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant strains, making them a valuable tool in the fight against infectious diseases.
Acinar cells are the type of exocrine gland cells that produce and release enzymes or other secretory products into a lumen or duct. These cells are most commonly found in the acini (plural of acinus) of the pancreas, where they produce digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine to help break down food.
The acinar cells in the pancreas are arranged in clusters called acini, which are surrounded by a network of ducts that transport the secreted enzymes to the duodenum. Each acinus contains a central lumen, into which the digestive enzymes are released by the acinar cells.
Acinar cells have a distinctive morphology, with a large, centrally located nucleus and abundant cytoplasm that contains numerous secretory granules. These granules contain the enzymes that are synthesized and stored within the acinar cells until they are released in response to hormonal or neural signals.
In addition to their role in digestion, acinar cells can also be found in other exocrine glands, such as the salivary glands, where they produce and release enzymes that help to break down food in the mouth.
"Edentulous mouth" is a medical term used to describe a condition where an individual has no remaining natural teeth in either their upper or lower jaw, or both. This situation can occur due to various reasons such as tooth decay, gum disease, trauma, or aging. Dentists often recommend dental prosthetics like dentures to restore oral function and aesthetics for individuals with edentulous mouths.
The term "mouth floor" is not a standard medical terminology. However, it might refer to the floor of the mouth, which is the part of the oral cavity located beneath the tongue and above the hyoid bone, which is a U-shaped bone in the front of the neck that helps support the tongue. The mouth floor contains several salivary glands, muscles, and nerves that are important for functions such as swallowing and speaking.
Mucin-5B, also known as MUC5B, is a type of mucin protein that is heavily glycosylated and found in the respiratory tract. It is one of the major components of airway mucus, which helps to trap and remove inhaled particles and microorganisms from the lungs.
Mucin-5B is a large molecular weight gel-forming mucin that is produced by goblet cells and submucosal glands in the respiratory epithelium. It has a complex structure, consisting of a protein backbone with numerous oligosaccharide side chains that give it its gel-like properties.
Mutations in the MUC5B gene have been associated with several lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In particular, a common genetic variant in the MUC5B promoter region has been identified as a significant risk factor for developing IPF.
Secretory vesicles are membrane-bound organelles found within cells that store and transport secretory proteins and other molecules to the plasma membrane for exocytosis. Exocytosis is the process by which these molecules are released from the cell, allowing them to perform various functions, such as communication with other cells or participation in biochemical reactions. Secretory vesicles can be found in a variety of cell types, including endocrine cells, exocrine cells, and neurons. The proteins and molecules contained within secretory vesicles are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they are processed, modified, and packaged into the vesicles for subsequent release.
Hypertrophy, in the context of physiology and pathology, refers to an increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to an enlargement of its constituent cells. It is often used to describe the growth of muscle cells (myocytes) in response to increased workload or hormonal stimulation, resulting in an increase in muscle mass. However, hypertrophy can also occur in other organs such as the heart (cardiac hypertrophy) in response to high blood pressure or valvular heart disease.
It is important to note that while hypertrophy involves an increase in cell size, hyperplasia refers to an increase in cell number. In some cases, both hypertrophy and hyperplasia can occur together, leading to a significant increase in the overall size and function of the organ or tissue.
Mucins are high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins that are the major components of mucus. They are produced and secreted by specialized epithelial cells in various organs, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts, as well as the eyes and ears.
Mucins have a characteristic structure consisting of a protein backbone with numerous attached oligosaccharide side chains, which give them their gel-forming properties and provide a protective barrier against pathogens, environmental insults, and digestive enzymes. They also play important roles in lubrication, hydration, and cell signaling.
Mucins can be classified into two main groups based on their structure and function: secreted mucins and membrane-bound mucins. Secreted mucins are released from cells and form a physical barrier on the surface of mucosal tissues, while membrane-bound mucins are integrated into the cell membrane and participate in cell adhesion and signaling processes.
Abnormalities in mucin production or function have been implicated in various diseases, including chronic inflammation, cancer, and cystic fibrosis.
Salivary gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the salivary glands. These glands are responsible for producing saliva, which helps in digestion, lubrication of food and maintaining oral health. Salivary gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign neoplasms are slow-growing and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as swelling, painless lumps, or difficulty swallowing if they grow large enough to put pressure on surrounding tissues.
Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can be aggressive and have the potential to invade nearby structures and metastasize (spread) to distant organs. Symptoms of malignant salivary gland neoplasms may include rapid growth, pain, numbness, or paralysis of facial nerves.
Salivary gland neoplasms can occur in any of the major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands) or in the minor salivary glands located throughout the mouth and throat. The exact cause of these neoplasms is not fully understood, but risk factors may include exposure to radiation, certain viral infections, and genetic predisposition.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare type of cancer that can occur in various glands and tissues of the body, most commonly in the salivary glands. AdCC is characterized by its slow growth and tendency to spread along nerves. It typically forms solid, cystic, or mixed tumors with distinct histological features, including epithelial cells arranged in tubular, cribriform, or solid patterns.
The term "carcinoma" refers to a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial cells lining various organs and glands. In this case, adenoid cystic carcinoma is a specific type of carcinoma that arises in the salivary glands or other glandular tissues.
The primary treatment options for AdCC include surgical resection, radiation therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy. Despite its slow growth, adenoid cystic carcinoma has a propensity to recur locally and metastasize to distant sites such as the lungs, bones, and liver. Long-term follow-up is essential due to the risk of late recurrences.
Salivary ducts are the excretory tubules that transport saliva from the major and minor salivary glands to the oral cavity. The main function of these ducts is to convey the salivary secretions, which contain enzymes and lubricants, into the mouth to aid in digestion, speech, and swallowing.
There are two pairs of major salivary glands: the parotid glands and the submandibular glands. Each pair has its own set of ducts. The parotid gland's saliva is drained through the parotid duct, also known as Stensen's duct, which opens into the oral cavity opposite the upper second molar tooth. The submandibular gland's saliva is transported through the submandibular duct, or Wharton's duct, which empties into the floor of the mouth near the base of the tongue.
Minor salivary glands are scattered throughout the oral cavity and pharynx, and their secretions are drained via small ducts directly into the oral mucosa.
In medical terms, the "neck" is defined as the portion of the body that extends from the skull/head to the thorax or chest region. It contains 7 cervical vertebrae, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and glands (such as the thyroid gland). The neck is responsible for supporting the head, allowing its movement in various directions, and housing vital structures that enable functions like respiration and circulation.
An abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by an infection. It is typically characterized by inflammation, redness, warmth, pain, and swelling in the affected area. Abscesses can form in various parts of the body, including the skin, teeth, lungs, brain, and abdominal organs. They are usually treated with antibiotics to eliminate the infection and may require drainage if they are large or located in a critical area. If left untreated, an abscess can lead to serious complications such as sepsis or organ failure.
A Peritonsillar Abscess (also known as a Quinsy) is a localized collection of pus in the peritonsillar space, which is the potential space between the tonsillar capsule and the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. It is a serious complication of tonsillitis or pharyngitis, often caused by bacterial infection. The abscess can cause severe pain, difficulty swallowing, fever, and swelling of the neck and face. If left untreated, it can lead to more severe complications such as airway obstruction or the spread of infection. Treatment typically involves drainage of the abscess, antibiotics, and supportive care.
The pleural cavity is the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura, which are the two membranes that surround the lungs. The visceral pleura covers the outside of the lungs, while the parietal pleura lines the inside of the chest wall. Under normal conditions, these two layers are in contact with each other, and the space between them is virtually nonexistent. However, when air, fluid or inflammation accumulates within this space, it results in the formation of a pleural effusion, which can cause discomfort and difficulty breathing.
A retropharyngeal abscess is a deep neck infection involving the potential space between the buccopharyngeal fascia and the alar fascia, primarily located in the retropharyngeal space. This space extends from the base of the skull to the mediastinum and contains loose connective tissue, fat, and lymph nodes. The infection usually originates from an upper respiratory tract infection or a penetrating injury to the posterior pharyngeal wall.
The abscess can cause swelling and compression of surrounding structures, leading to potentially serious complications such as airway obstruction, mediastinitis, or sepsis if left untreated. Symptoms may include neck pain, difficulty swallowing, fever, drooling, and decreased appetite. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies (such as CT or MRI scans), and laboratory tests. Treatment usually involves surgical drainage of the abscess and antibiotic therapy to manage the infection.
Ludwig's angina is a severe cellulitis (a bacterial infection of the connective tissues) of the floor of the mouth, below the tongue, and around the neck area. It's named after Wilhelm Friedrich von Ludwig, who first described it in 1836. The condition can lead to airway obstruction and significant swelling in the neck, making swallowing difficult or impossible. If not treated promptly with antibiotics and sometimes surgical drainage, it can be life-threatening due to the potential for spread of infection to the brain or other critical areas. It's typically caused by mixed oral flora, often including Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, and anaerobes.
Suppurative thyroiditis is a rare type of thyroid gland inflammation that is caused by a bacterial infection. It is characterized by the formation of pus (suppuration) within the thyroid tissue. The infection can result from a direct spread of bacteria from adjacent structures, such as the upper respiratory tract or neck, or through the bloodstream due to an underlying infection elsewhere in the body.
Suppurative thyroiditis primarily affects people with pre-existing conditions that weaken the immune system, making them more susceptible to bacterial infections. These conditions may include diabetes, HIV/AIDS, or alcoholism. Additionally, it can occur in individuals who have recently undergone surgical procedures on the thyroid gland or after a traumatic injury to the area.
Symptoms of suppurative thyroiditis include fever, chills, painful swallowing, neck pain and swelling, difficulty breathing, hoarseness, and symptoms related to bacteremia (bacterial infection in the blood) if the infection spreads. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scan, and laboratory tests to identify the causative organism. Treatment usually consists of antibiotics to eliminate the bacterial infection and possible surgical drainage of the infected thyroid tissue in severe cases.
Sublingual gland
Index of oral health and dental articles
Sublingual space
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Ranula
Stafne defect
Salivary gland tumour
Salivary gland disease
Mucin 7
Human mouth
Saliva testing
Major urinary proteins
Major sublingual duct
Parasympathetic nervous system
Blood test
Facial nerve
Intermediate nerve
Submandibular ganglion
Acinic cell carcinoma
Sublingual fovea
Mucoserous acinus
Bartholin's duct
Sialolithiasis
Salivary microbiome
Salivary gland
Saliva
Carbonic anhydrase VI
Calculus (dental)
Digestive enzyme
Sublingual gland - Wikipedia
sublingual gland cancer Disease Ontology Browser - DOID:8849
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Saliva30
- Salivary glands empty saliva into the mouth through ducts that open at various places in the mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- The salivary glands in the mouth produce a liquid called saliva. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Larger stones can block the flow of saliva and cause the glands to swell. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Larger stones can block the flow of saliva in the gland. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- These glands, called parotid glands, make saliva. (mayoclinic.org)
- Saliva gland acinar cells are chloride and sodium secreting, and the isotonic fluid produced is rendered hypotonic by salivary gland duct cells as it flows to the mouth. (searchandrestore.com)
- The major proteins present in saliva are secreted by salivary glands, creating viscoelasticity and enabling the coating of oral surfaces with saliva. (searchandrestore.com)
- There are three paired salivary glands that are responsible for the production of saliva, the submandibular glands, the sublingual glands and the parotid glands. (searchandrestore.com)
- The parotid glands produce serous saliva: a watery secretion that is rich in enzymes. (searchandrestore.com)
- edit on Wikidata] The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts. (searchandrestore.com)
- Which is duct does the parotid gland secrete saliva? (searchandrestore.com)
- Here is a summary of the major salivary glands and their ducts relevant to us #RDH #FutureRDH: The parotid gland secretes saliva through the Stensen's duct. (searchandrestore.com)
- The submandibular gland secretes saliva through the Wharton's duct. (searchandrestore.com)
- The sublingual gland secretes saliva through the Bartholin's duct. (searchandrestore.com)
- The parotid gland is the only gland that secretes purely serous saliva, while the sublingual gland and minor salivary glands secrete mainly mucous saliva. (searchandrestore.com)
- Salivary glands secrete about 1000 to 1200 ml saliva per day. (searchandrestore.com)
- The majority of saliva is produced by three primary salivary glands: the parotid gland, the submandibular gland, and the sublingual gland. (h2ocean.com)
- Saliva is secreted by three major salivary glands -- the parotid , submandibular and sublingual glands -- as well as other small salivary glands contained within the tongue and mouth. (howstuffworks.com)
- The salivary glands excrete saliva in the mouth via their ducts. (anatomy.app)
- The major salivary glands are responsible for the production of about 90 - 95% of saliva. (anatomy.app)
- The parotid gland secretes its produced saliva via the parotid duct , also known as the Stensen's duct. (anatomy.app)
- Without the stimulation of the parotid gland, the submandibular gland can produce around 70% of the daily saliva. (anatomy.app)
- But when the parotid gland receives stimuli, the submandibular gland produces about 10 - 30% of daily saliva. (anatomy.app)
- The saliva from the submandibular gland reaches the oral cavity proper via the submandibular duct - a central excretory duct of the submandibular gland. (anatomy.app)
- Salivary glands produce saliva, which moistens food to make it easy to swallow and contains enzymes (proteins) to help break down food so it is easier to digest. (msdmanuals.com)
- Malfunctioning salivary glands produce less saliva, which causes dry mouth and tooth decay. (msdmanuals.com)
- Saliva flow can be measured, or doctors may biopsy salivary gland tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
- Sometimes blockages in the ducts that lead from the salivary glands can be removed, but some people need to use saliva substitutes. (msdmanuals.com)
- All of the glands produce saliva, which aids in breaking down food as part of the digestive process. (msdmanuals.com)
- Salivary gland malfunction is more common among adults and usually involves too little saliva production. (msdmanuals.com)
Ducts10
- clarification needed] The sublingual gland is constituted by 1 major duct and approximately 20 small excretory ducts, with the latter often being referred to as ducts of Rivinus. (wikipedia.org)
- Most of the remaining small sublingual ducts (of Rivinus) open separate into the mouth on an elevated crest of mucous membrane, the plica sublingualis (aka sublingual fold), formed by the gland and located on either side of the frenulum linguae. (wikipedia.org)
- These buds branch and form into cords that canalize to form the sublingual ducts associated with the gland. (wikipedia.org)
- Salivary gland tumors are abnormal cells growing in the gland or in the tubes (ducts) that drain the salivary glands. (medlineplus.gov)
- Rana, R., Minhas, L.A. & Mubarik, A. Histological study of human sublingual gland with special emphasis on intercalated and striated ducts. (nature.com)
- Zenk, J., Hosemann, W. G. & Iro, H. Diameters of the main excretory ducts of the adult human submandibular and parotid gland: a histologic study. (nature.com)
- Salivary stones can form in the ducts of any salivary gland. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- If an obstruction of the major salivary glands is suspected, it may be necessary to anesthetize the opening of the salivary ducts in the mouth, and to probe, and dilate the duct to help an obstructive stone pass. (searchandrestore.com)
- The accessory parotid gland can have one or several smaller ducts connected with the parotid duct. (anatomy.app)
- Salivary glands can malfunction, become infected, or blocked by stones that form in their ducts. (msdmanuals.com)
Tongue9
- They lie anterior and superior to the submandibular gland and inferior and lateral to the tongue, as well as beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth. (wikipedia.org)
- These glands are under the tongue. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
- The submandibular lymph nodes sit between the submandibular salivary glands, which are underneath the tongue, and the mandible, or lower jawbone. (healthline.com)
- As the duct runs forward, it passes between the sublingual gland and genioglossus (the primary muscle of the tongue) to create an opening in the floor of the mouth. (healthline.com)
- These lymph nodes filter lymph from the submaxillary (salivary) gland, tongue, mouth, lips, cheek, nose and conjunctiva (the membrane that covers the eyeball and underside of the eyelid). (healthline.com)
- Xerostomia (Dry mouth) can cause increased dental caries, parotid gland enlargement, lip inflammation and fissuring, tongue and buccal mucosa inflammation or ulcers, oral candidiasis, salivary gland infection, halitosis, and cracking and fissuring of the oral mucosa. (h2ocean.com)
- They are placed under the tongue and absorbed into the bloodstream through the sublingual gland. (ccdsf.com)
- Lingual glands - found in the tongue. (anatomy.app)
- The sublingual glands lie under the side of the tongue. (msdmanuals.com)
Exocrine Glands1
- They are all ducted, exocrine glands. (searchandrestore.com)
Submaxillary1
- It carries parasympathetic fibers which are secretomotor to the submaxillary, sublingual, lacrymal, nasal and palatine glands. (vesalius.com)
Malignant2
- About 15 percent of salivary gland tumors develop here, and nearly all of them are malignant (cancerous). (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
- Patients scanned with a simultaneous PET/MRI system for initial staging or follow-up of head and neck tumors, with no malignant lesions in salivary glands or in FOM, were included. (uzh.ch)
Percent of salivary3
- About 70 percent of salivary gland tumors occur here. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
- Around 70 percent of salivary gland tumors are benign. (mskcc.org)
- According to research from 2012 , more than 80 percent of salivary stones form in the submandibular gland, while 6-15 percent occur in the parotid gland, and 2 percent are in the sublingual and minor salivary glands. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Sweat glands1
- eccrine sweat glands and blood vessels in skel musc. (cheatography.com)
Tumor3
- The most common type of salivary gland tumor is a slow-growing noncancerous (benign) tumor of the parotid gland. (medlineplus.gov)
- The tumor gradually increases the size of the gland. (medlineplus.gov)
- 2 cases were sublingual gland tumor. (bvsalud.org)
Small salivary glands2
- There are also hundreds of small salivary glands lining the rest of the mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- The mouth contains hundreds of minor, or small, salivary glands. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Benign4
- Hyperplasia of the sublingual salivary gland is described as a benign disorder with functional compromise. (bvsalud.org)
- Benign neoplasms of the salivary glands. (medlineplus.gov)
- Benign (noncancerous) tumors can also form in the salivary glands, and these are much more common. (mskcc.org)
- Parotid gland tumors are often benign. (mskcc.org)
Mouth19
- Placing one index finger within the mouth and the fingertips of the opposite hand outside it, the compressed gland is manually palpated between the inner and outer fingers. (wikipedia.org)
- The sublingual caruncle is a small papilla near the midline of the floor of the mouth on each side of the lingual frenum. (wikipedia.org)
- They develop from epithelial buds in the sulcus surrounding the sublingual folds on the floor of the mouth, lateral to the developing submandibular gland. (wikipedia.org)
- You have hundreds of salivary glands in and around your mouth. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
- These are the largest salivary glands in your mouth. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
- As for cancers of the minor salivary glands, they often begin in the roof of the mouth. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
- The salivary glands are located around the mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- Two submandibular glands are under the floor of the mouth on both sides of the back of the jaw. (medlineplus.gov)
- Two sublingual glands are under the floor of the mouth next to the jaw on each side. (medlineplus.gov)
- Firm, usually painless swelling in one of the salivary glands (in front of the ears, under the chin, or on the floor of the mouth). (medlineplus.gov)
- Less commonly, the submandibular gland or the minor salivary glands of the mouth may be involved. (aafp.org)
- Salivary stones are small stones that form in the glands of the mouth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Each gland has its own tube (duct) leading from the gland to the mouth. (mayoclinic.org)
- Less often, swelling of glands below the floor of the mouth. (mayoclinic.org)
- First, salivary glands in your mouth make salivary amylase , which begins the digestive process by breaking down starch when you chew your food, converting it into maltose, a smaller carbohydrate. (searchandrestore.com)
- Aim of this study was to use PET/MR for adequately assessing the normal FDG distribution in floor of the mouth (FOM) muscles and neighboring major salivary glands. (uzh.ch)
- After examining data from a cohort of more than 700 head and neck cancer patients, they reported that the radiotherapy dose to the gland area was associated with dry mouth and swallowing difficulties after treatment. (the-scientist.com)
- In addition to these major glands, many tiny salivary glands are distributed throughout the mouth. (msdmanuals.com)
- However, not all cases of dry mouth are caused by salivary gland malfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
Training in salivary gland1
- New Hope Unlimited treats head and neck cancers with a diverse team of conventional and alternative medicine specialists with training in salivary gland cancers. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
Tissues1
- These therapies can cause xerostomia/salivary gland hypofunction via direct toxicity to salivary glands and oral tissues or indirect damage due to regional or systemic toxicity. (h2ocean.com)
Parotitis2
- While not a common symptom of flu, swelling of their salivary glands (parotitis) has been reported in persons with laboratory-confirmed influenza infections. (cdc.gov)
- Parotitis - Inflammation of the parotid glands. (slideshare.net)
Secreted by salivary1
- Is secreted by salivary glands? (searchandrestore.com)
Front of the ears2
- They are the largest of the salivary glands, located just in front of the ears. (mskcc.org)
- The parotid glands, the largest pair of salivary glands, lie just behind the angle of the jaw, below and in front of the ears. (msdmanuals.com)
Mylohyoid3
- Hopp E, Mortensen B, Kolbenstvedt A (2004) Mylohyoid herniation of the sublingual gland diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. (springer.com)
- Volumes-of-interest (VOIs) were positioned separately for bilateral mylohyoid, digastric, genioglossus, and geniohyoid muscles, based on T2-weighted and T1-weighted images, and for bilateral parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands in the same way. (uzh.ch)
- Fibers from the posterior border of the mylohyoid extend into the gland, and the gland wraps around them. (anatomy.app)
Duct8
- The largest of all, the sublingual duct (of Bartholin) joins the submandibular duct to drain through the sublingual caruncle. (wikipedia.org)
- Objective: Sialoliths or salivary gland duct calculus are the most common pathologies of the salivary gland. (jdmfs.org)
- The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. (jdmfs.org)
- Two patients had trauma to submandibular duct requiring excision of submandibular gland. (springer.com)
- As the duct travels through the deepest part of the submandibular gland, it connects with tributaries draining into the lobe. (healthline.com)
- All salivary glands are classified regarding their size and duct types. (anatomy.app)
- The parotid duct goes from the anterior border of the gland to the zygomatic arch. (anatomy.app)
- It is located anterior and more in the superior aspect of the gland, and its inferior part connects with the superior aspect of the parotid duct. (anatomy.app)
Below the jaw2
- These glands are found below the jaw. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
- About the size of a walnut, the submandibular glands are located below the jaw. (searchandrestore.com)
Carcinoma4
- Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma of the Sublingual Gland: Case Report and Review of the Literature. (ucdavis.edu)
- 2019 ) A retrospective multicenter study of sublingual gland carcinoma in Japan. (academictree.org)
- 2018 ) Survival in patients with submandibular gland carcinoma - Results of a multi-institutional retrospective study. (academictree.org)
- 2018 ) The comparison of parotid gland carcinoma and submandibular gland carcinoma―Results of a multi-institutional retrospective study Toukeibu Gan . (academictree.org)
Serous4
- The sublingual gland consists mostly of mucous acini capped with serous demilunes and is therefore categorized as a mixed mucous gland with a mucous product predominating. (wikipedia.org)
- Which salivary gland produce a secretion that is mainly serous? (searchandrestore.com)
- The submandibular gland secretes both types in a 3:2 ratio of serous to mucous respectively. (searchandrestore.com)
- The parotid gland is a serous gland lying on each lateral side of the face in front of the auricle of the ear. (anatomy.app)
Infection2
- Salivary stones can sometimes also lead to infection in or around the affected gland. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- To prevent infection of parotid glands To help to increase appetite. (slideshare.net)
Hyperplasia1
- This paper reports a case of sublingual gland hyperplasia in a 39-year-old male patient who was submitted to surgery under local anesthesia. (bvsalud.org)
Noncancerous1
- Most salivary gland tumors are noncancerous and slow growing. (medlineplus.gov)
Submandibular lymph1
- Lymph from the sublingual salivary gland drains into the submandibular lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)
Neck4
- Physical examination revealed a nontender, bluish, fluctuant sublingual mass with no obvious extension into the neck (see accompanying figure ) . (aafp.org)
- Salivary gland cancer is a rare type of head and neck cancer . (mskcc.org)
- The first hint of this new gland emerged while Wouter Vogel, a radiation oncologist at the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NCI), was probing for damage to salivary glands after radiotherapy for cancer in the head, neck, or brain-injuries that can lead to issues such as problems with digestion, speech, and an increase in oral infections. (the-scientist.com)
- This endocrine neck gland has two lobes connected by an isthmus. (biologyprints.com)
Cheek1
- Mumps usually involves pain, tenderness, and swelling in one or both parotid salivary glands (cheek and jaw area). (cdc.gov)
Excision5
- Our objective is to review our experience with treatment of plunging ranula and examine the efficacy of transoral excision of sublingual gland as the principal treatment. (springer.com)
- 81 cases of plunging ranula were treated surgically by transoral excision of sublingual gland and evacuation of ranula contents. (springer.com)
- One patient in our series had a recurrence, needing excision of sublingual gland remnant. (springer.com)
- Our series makes a substantial contribution to the number of plunging ranulas reported in the world, and supports the use of transoral sublingual gland excision as first-line treatment of plunging ranula. (springer.com)
- Complete excision of the pseudocyst with the affected salivary gland is associated with the least likelihood of recurrence. (aafp.org)
Minor11
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Sublingual Gland" by people in this website by year, and whether "Sublingual Gland" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (wakehealth.edu)
- Major and minor are the two main types of salivary glands. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
- These are called the minor salivary glands. (medlineplus.gov)
- Tumors also form in the other salivary glands, such as the submandibular gland, the sublingual gland, and the minor salivary glands. (mskcc.org)
- Humans have three paired major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) as well as hundreds of minor salivary glands. (searchandrestore.com)
- What he saw was an unexpectedly high level of labeling in the upper section of the throat known as the nasopharynx, where only minor salivary glands are supposed to be found. (the-scientist.com)
- However, they also note that some might disagree with this categorization, because the new glands share similarities with minor glands as well. (the-scientist.com)
- Vincent Vander Poorten, an otorhinolaryngologist at University Hospital Leuven (UZ Leuven) in Belgium who was not involved in this study but has collaborated with the authors on other projects, says that while he agrees that the authors have found a new cluster of minor glands, whether the tubarial gland is truly a separate, major gland is somewhat controversial. (the-scientist.com)
- They can be divided into two main groups - minor and major salivary glands . (anatomy.app)
- Each person has numerous minor salivary glands that are embedded in the mucosa of the oral cavity. (anatomy.app)
- The minor salivary glands mainly function for the lubrication of the oral cavity. (anatomy.app)
Abnormal cells1
- Salivary gland cancer occurs when abnormal cells in these glands grow out of control. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
Oral diaphragm1
- Located underneath the oral diaphragm (diaphragma oris), the sublingual gland is the smallest and most diffuse of the three major salivary glands of the oral cavity, with the other two being the submandibular and parotid. (wikipedia.org)
Mandible1
- In the superior direction, the parotid gland extends to the zygomatic arch, while in the inferior direction, it reaches the mandible and its angle. (anatomy.app)
Major7
- The sublingual salivary glands appear in the eighth week of prenatal development, two weeks later than the other two major salivary glands. (wikipedia.org)
- The TNM classification for cancer of the major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) is provided below, along with anatomic staging. (medscape.com)
- Most salivary gland cancers start in the major glands found on each side of the face. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
- There are also three pairs of major, or large, salivary glands. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- There are three pairs of major salivary glands - parotid, sublingual and submandibular. (mayoclinic.org)
- Based on the tubarial glands' similarities to the volume and draining system of the sublingual gland-one of the three major salivary glands-the authors suggest that the new glands should be classified as a fourth major gland. (the-scientist.com)
- The major salivary glands are primary glands that are responsible for the initiation of digestion and moistening, lubrication and protection of the oral cavity. (anatomy.app)
Anatomy1
- D octors don't regularly come across undiscovered bits of human anatomy, but a team of physicians recently reported a never-before-described set of salivary glands in patients' necks. (the-scientist.com)
Sialolithiasis1
- When they block the salivary glands, this is known as sialolithiasis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Complications1
- The findings may have implications for radiotherapy, a cancer treatment that can cause damage to salivary glands and leave lasting complications. (the-scientist.com)
Obstruction1
- They can originate from trauma to or obstruction of the sublingual salivary gland. (aafp.org)
Secretion1
- Each of the glands produces a slightly different secretion. (searchandrestore.com)
Parasympathetic1
- The chorda tympani nerve (from the facial nerve via the submandibular ganglion) is secretomotor and provides parasympathetic supply to the sublingual glands. (wikipedia.org)
Lymphoid1
- The thymus is a lymphoid gland comprised of two identically sized lobes, located behind the sternum (breastbone) but in front of the heart. (healthline.com)
Cancer5
- A salivary gland cancer that is located_in the sublingual gland. (jax.org)
- Currently, what causes salivary gland cancer is unclear. (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
- Why Choose Us for Salivary Gland Cancer Alternative Treatment? (newhopemedicalcenter.com)
- Salivary gland cancer treatment (adult) (PDQ) - health professional version. (medlineplus.gov)
- Together, they went through the PSMA PET/CT scans of more than 100 patients with prostate or urethral gland cancer and found similar signals in the nasopharynx region in those individuals as well. (the-scientist.com)
Cancers1
- Drug therapy is more often recommended for advanced salivary gland cancers and may be offered through a clinical trial testing new treatments to see how well they work. (mskcc.org)
Posterior border1
- It enters the substance of the parotid at the posterior border of the gland and immediately divides into a temporofacial and cervicofacial branch. (vesalius.com)