Sweat Glands
Sweat
Sweat Gland Neoplasms
Adenoma, Sweat Gland
Sweating
Apocrine Glands
Ectodysplasins
Salivary Glands
Exocrine Glands
Sebaceous Glands
Ectodermal Dysplasia
Submandibular Gland
Receptors, Ectodysplasin
Hypohidrosis
Pilocarpine
Parotid Gland
Carcinoma, Skin Appendage
Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage
Hyperhidrosis
Syringoma
Skin
Re-Epithelialization
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins
Cystic Fibrosis
Aquaporin 5
Injections, Intradermal
Methacholine Compounds
Edar Receptor
Harderian Gland
Epidermis
Edar-Associated Death Domain Protein
Naphthylvinylpyridine
Adrenal Glands
Body Temperature Regulation
Foot
Eccrine Porocarcinoma
Skin Physiological Phenomena
Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic
Muscarinic Agonists
DeltaF508 CFTR protein expression in tissues from patients with cystic fibrosis. (1/250)
Heterologous expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) provided evidence that the major cystic fibrosis (CF) mutation DeltaF508 leads to defective protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, which prevents its processing and targeting to the cell surface. In this study, we investigated endogenous CFTR expression in skin biopsies and respiratory and intestinal tissue specimens from DeltaF508 homozygous and non-CF patients, using immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses with a panel of CFTR antibodies. CFTR expression was detected at the luminal surface of reabsorptive sweat ducts and airway submucosal glands, at the apex of ciliated cells in pseudostratified respiratory epithelia and of isolated cells of the villi of duodenum and jejunum, and within intracellular compartments of intestinal goblet cells. In DeltaF508 homozygous patients, expression of the mutant protein proved to be tissue specific. Whereas DeltaF508 CFTR was undetectable in sweat glands, the expression in the respiratory and intestinal tracts could not be distinguished from the wild-type by signal intensity or localization. The tissue-specific variation of DeltaF508 CFTR expression from null to apparently normal amounts indicates that DeltaF508 CFTR maturation can be modulated and suggests that determinants other than CFTR mislocalization should play a role in DeltaF508 CF respiratory and intestinal disease. (+info)Human sweat gland myoepithelial cells express a unique set of cytokeratins and reveal the potential for alternative epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation states in culture. (2/250)
We have characterized precisely the cytokeratin expression pattern of sweat gland myoepithelial cells and have identified conditions for propagating this cell type and modulating its differentiation in culture. Rare, unstratified epithelioid colonies were identified in cultures initiated from several specimens of full-thickness human skin. These cells divided rapidly in medium containing serum, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and hydrocortisone, and maintained a closely packed, epithelioid morphology when co-cultured with 3T3 feeder cells. Immunocytochemical and immunoblot analysis disclosed that the cells differed from keratinocytes in that they were E-cadherin-negative, vimentin-positive, and expressed an unusual set of cytokeratins, K5, K7, K14, and K17. When subcultured without feeder cells, they converted reversibly to a spindle morphology and ceased K5 and K14 expression. Under these conditions, EGF deprivation induced flattening, growth arrest, and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin ((&agr;)-sma). Coexpression of keratins and alpha-sma is a hallmark of myoepithelial cells, a constituent of secretory glands. Immunostaining of skin sections revealed that only sweat gland myoepithelial cells expressed the same pattern of keratins and alpha-sma and lack of E-cadherin as the cell type we had cultured. Interestingly, our immunocytochemical analysis of ndk, a skin-derived cell line of uncertain identity, suggests that this line is of myoepithelial origin. Earlier immunohistochemical studies by others had found myoepithelial cells to be K7-negative. We tested five K7-specific antibodies that can recognize this protein in western blots and in the assembled keratin filaments of mesothelial cells. Three of these antibodies did not recognize the K7 present in myoepithelial cell filaments or in HeLa cell filaments, indicating that some K7 epitopes are masked when K7 pairs with K17 instead of with its usual keratin filament partner, K19. (+info)Immunohistochemical evidence suggests intrinsic regulatory activity of human eccrine sweat glands. (3/250)
Immunohistochemistry of normal eccrine sweat glands was performed on paraffin sections of human skin. Immunoreactivity (ir) for neuron specific enolase, S100 protein (S100), regulatory peptides, nitric oxide synthase type I (NOS-I) and choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT) was found in small nerve bundles close to sweat glands. In the glands, secretory cells were labelled with anticytokeratin antibody. Using antibodies to S100, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) a specific distribution pattern was found in secretory cells. Granulated (dark) and parietal (clear) cells were immunopositive for CGRP, and S100 and SP, respectively. Immunoreactivity was diffuse in the cytoplasm for CGRP and S100, and peripheral for SP. Myoepithelial cells were not labelled. Electron microscopy revealed electron dense granules, probably containing peptide, in granulated cells. Using antibodies to NOS-I and ChAT, ir was exclusively found in myoepithelial cells. Immunoreactivity for the atrial natriuretic peptide was absent in sweat glands. These results provide evidence for the presence of both regulatory peptides involved in vasodilation and key enzymes for the synthesis of nitric oxide and acetylcholine in the secretory coil of human sweat glands. It is suggested that human sweat glands are capable of some intrinsic regulation in addition to that carried out by their nerve supply. (+info)Bikunin, a serine protease inhibitor, is present on the cell boundary of epidermis. (4/250)
Bikunin, which is an inhibitor of serine proteases, is widely distributed in human tissues, including liver, kidney, and mucous membranes of the stomach and colon. The aim of this study was to clarify whether bikunin is expressed in human epidermis and its appendages. Immunoblot analysis using a specific polyclonal antibody to bikunin revealed that a single 43 kDa protein is present in the cell lysate from the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Immunohistochemically, dotted reaction products stained with anti-bikunin antibody were localized on the cell boundary in both basal and spinous cell layers, except on the cell boundary of the basal cells facing the basal membrane. There were no reaction products in the granular-horny cell layers. Reaction products stained with anti-bikunin antibody were also observed on the hair bulb cells and eccrine sweat gland cells, but not on apocrine sweat glands. Also, reaction products were observed on the luminal surface of the renal proximal tubules and in the cytoplasm of these cells. In immunoelectron microscopy, gold particles were observed on the cell membranes close to the desmosomal structures. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and northern blot analyses showed that mRNA specific for bikunin was expressed in HaCaT cells and human epidermal keratinocytes obtained from suction blisters, and was contained in a commercially available human keratinocyte cDNA preparation. These findings indicate that bikunin is expressed in keratinocytes and may play an important part in regulating keratinocytes in either mitosis or inflammation. (+info)Pyrimidine nucleotide-evoked inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation in equine epithelial cells. (5/250)
Uridine triphosphate (UTP) evoked inhibition of adrenaline-evoked cAMP accumulation in cultured equine epithelial cells (EC50, 1.8 +/- 0.2 microM) and this effect was mimicked by 5-Br-UTP (EC50, 6.6 +/- 1.8 microM) and uridine diphosphate (UDP; EC50, 96 +/- 26 microM). This inhibitory action of UTP was abolished by pre-treating cells with pertussis toxin (10 ng ml-1, 24 h). UTP (EC50, 2.3 +/- 0.3 microM) and 5-Br-UTP (EC50, 29.4 +/- 9.4 microM) also increased intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) whilst UDP did not; the two effects are thus differentially sensitive to these pyrimidine nucleotides. ATP evoked cAMP accumulation in control cells and this response was unaffected by pertussis toxin. There is, therefore, no indication that ATP activates the pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibitory pathway. The UTP-evoked inhibition of cAMP accumulation was abolished by isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX, 5 mM) and so the negative control over cAMP levels appears to be mediated by receptors that are selectively activated by pyrimidine nucleotides and permit control over phosphodiesterase activity. (+info)Identification of calcium-activated potassium channels in cultured equine sweat gland epithelial cells. (6/250)
The patch-clamp recording technique was used to examine the properties of the K+ channels in cultured equine sweat gland epithelial cells. With symmetric K+ solutions (140 mM), a single population of K+ channels was identified with a slope conductance of 187 pS and a reversal potential of around 0 mV. The channel was selective for K+ over Na+. Channel activity was increased by membrane depolarization. A 10-fold increase in [Ca2+]i produced an approximate 60 mV negative shift in the open state probability (Popen)-voltage curve. Externally applied tetraethylammonium ions (TEA+) caused a rapid and flickery block of the channel and reduced the unitary current amplitude. TEA+ bound to the blocking site with stoichiometry of 1:1 and with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 186 +/- 27 microM at +40 mV. A weak voltage dependence of Kd was observed. Iberiotoxin (100 nM) reduced Popen but had no effect on single-channel conductance. Neither glibenclamide (10 microM) nor intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP, 1 mM) altered channel activity. In addition, ATP, when applied extracellularly, transiently activated the channel by increasing Popen. Channel activity was low around the resting membrane potential in the intact epithelia, indicating that these channels might not contribute to the resting K+ conductance. However, the channel could be activated in a regulated manner. The K+ channels may play a role in transepithelial fluid secretion in sweat gland. (+info)Basement membrane zone remodeling during appendageal development in human fetal skin. The absence of type VII collagen is associated with gelatinase-A (MMP2) activity. (7/250)
Epithelial cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation are controlled by interactions at the basement membrane zone (BMZ). Type VII collagen is the major collagenous component of anchoring fibrils that are essential for the attachment of the epidermis to the dermis. Gelatinase A (MMP-2) is believed to be necessary for the degradation of type VII collagen. In this study we have examined the in vivo distribution of type VII collagen and gelatinase A (Gel A) in the developing human epidermis and its appendages. At 13-15 wk of gestation a marked decrease in type VII collagen immunoreactivity was seen in the BMZ surrounding invading appendageal buds; however, type VII collagen mRNA was strongly expressed in the budding epidermal keratinocytes adjacent to the BMZ. At these stages, Gel A-positive mesenchymal-like cells were found scattered throughout the stroma with numerous Gel A-containing cells in direct contact with the developing appendageal buds. In situ zymography was used to show Gel A-activity in vivo. Gel A-mediated lysis was present at the interface between the appendageal buds and the underlying BMZ. By 20-25 wk of gestational age, immunostaining for type VII collagen protein was absent from the BMZ surrounding the distal portion of invading appendageal epithelial cords of both hair follicles and sweat glands. In contrast, type VII collagen mRNA was present in the basal keratinocytes adjacent to the BMZ surrounding the distal portion of these invading appendageal epithelial cords. At these stages Gel A-positive cells were present in the stroma directly adjacent to the distal portion of developing appendageal cords that lacked type VII collagen. In situ zymography showed zones of Gel A-mediated stromal lysis at the distal portion of developing appendageal cords. Interestingly, no differences were seen in the distribution of type IV collagen in the BMZ of both budding and resting fetal epidermis. These observations suggest that the absence of type VII collagen protein correlates directly with the presence of Gel A-activity at the BMZ. Gel A appears to play a major role in appendageal development and contributes to remodeling of the BMZ during fetal skin morphogenesis. (+info)Papillary hidradenoma: immunohistochemical analysis of steroid receptor profile with a focus on apocrine differentiation. (8/250)
AIM: To make a quantitative evaluation by image analysis of oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and androgen receptors in papillary hidradenomas and anogenital sweat glands. METHODS: 20 papillary hidradenomas and the anogenital sweat glands detected in surgical specimens selected from 10 vulvectomies for squamous carcinoma, eight haemorrhoidectomies, and one anal polypectomy, all from female patients, were investigated by the avidinstreptavidin peroxidase testing system. RESULTS: 90% of papillary hidradenomas and almost all the anogenital sweat glands showed immunoreactivity for oestrogen receptor and, more weakly, for progesterone receptor, with immunolabelled nuclear area ranging from 10% to 90%. Conversely conventional sweat glands did not show any nuclear staining. Overexpression of androgen receptors occurred in 20% of papillary hidradenomas, with nuclear staining strictly bordering papillary epithelium with apocrine differentiation. There was no immunoreactivity for androgen receptors in anogenital sweat glands. CONCLUSIONS: Oestrogen and progesterone receptors seem to represent reliable markers for differentiating between anogenital sweat glands and conventional sweat glands, and a further link to explain why papillary hidradenomas occur almost exclusively in the female anogenital region. Positivity for oestrogen/progesterone receptors suggests that epithelia either of anogenital sweat glands or of papillary hidradenomas are controlled by ovarian steroid hormones. Androgen receptor nuclear staining of the epithelium with apocrine differentiation in vulvar papillary hidradenoma strengthens its homology with breast duct papilloma. (+info)Sweat glands are specialized tubular structures in the skin that produce and secrete sweat, also known as perspiration. They are part of the body's thermoregulatory system, helping to maintain optimal body temperature by releasing water and heat through evaporation. There are two main types of sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine.
1. Eccrine sweat glands: These are distributed throughout the body, with a higher concentration on areas like the palms, soles, and forehead. They are responsible for producing a watery, odorless sweat that primarily helps to cool down the body through evaporation.
2. Apocrine sweat glands: These are mainly found in the axillary (armpit) region and around the anogenital area. They become active during puberty and produce a thick, milky fluid that does not have a strong odor on its own but can mix with bacteria on the skin's surface, leading to body odor.
Sweat glands are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, meaning they function involuntarily in response to various stimuli such as emotions, physical activity, or changes in environmental temperature.
Sweat, also known as perspiration, is the fluid secreted by the sweat glands in human skin. It's primarily composed of water, with small amounts of sodium chloride, potassium, and other electrolytes. Sweat helps regulate body temperature through the process of evaporation, where it absorbs heat from the skin as it turns from a liquid to a gas.
There are two types of sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine. Eccrine glands are found all over the body and produce a watery, odorless sweat in response to heat, physical activity, or emotional stress. Apocrine glands, on the other hand, are mainly located in the armpits and groin area and become active during puberty. They produce a thicker, milky fluid that can mix with bacteria on the skin's surface, leading to body odor.
It is important to note that while sweating is essential for maintaining normal body temperature and overall health, excessive sweating or hyperhidrosis can be a medical condition requiring treatment.
Eccrine glands are the most numerous type of sweat glands in the human body, found in virtually all skin locations. They play a crucial role in thermoregulation by producing a watery sweat that cools the body when it evaporates on the skin surface. These glands are distributed over the entire body, with a higher concentration on the soles of the feet, palms of the hands, and forehead.
Structurally, eccrine glands consist of two main parts: the coiled secretory portion located in the dermis and the straight duct that extends through the dermis and epidermis to reach the skin surface. The secretory portion is lined with a simple cuboidal epithelium, while the duct is lined with a simple squamous or low cuboidal epithelium.
Eccrine glands are stimulated to produce sweat by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, particularly through the release of acetylcholine at the neuro-glandular junction. The sweat produced is primarily water with small amounts of electrolytes, such as sodium, chloride, and potassium. This composition helps maintain the body's electrolyte balance while facilitating heat loss during physical exertion or in hot environments.
Sweat gland neoplasms are abnormal growths that develop in the sweat glands. These growths can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign sweat gland neoplasms include hidradenomas and syringomas, which are usually slow-growing and cause little to no symptoms. Malignant sweat gland neoplasms, also known as sweat gland carcinomas, are rare but aggressive cancers that can spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as a lump or mass under the skin, pain, swelling, and redness. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the growth.
A sweat gland adenoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that develops in the sweat glands. These glands are responsible for producing sweat to help regulate body temperature. When an adenoma forms in the sweat glands, it can cause a variety of symptoms depending on its size and location.
Sweat gland adenomas are relatively rare and can occur anywhere on the body where there are sweat glands. They typically appear as painless, slow-growing lumps or bumps under the skin. In some cases, they may cause excessive sweating, discomfort, or other symptoms if they press on nearby nerves or structures.
The exact cause of sweat gland adenomas is not fully understood, but they are thought to arise from abnormal growth and division of the cells that make up the sweat glands. Treatment options for these tumors may include surgical removal, depending on their size, location, and symptoms. If left untreated, some sweat gland adenomas may continue to grow and cause complications over time.
Sweating, also known as perspiration, is the production of sweat by the sweat glands in the skin in response to heat, physical exertion, hormonal changes, or emotional stress. Sweat is a fluid composed mainly of water, with small amounts of sodium chloride, lactate, and urea. It helps regulate body temperature by releasing heat through evaporation on the surface of the skin. Excessive sweating, known as hyperhidrosis, can be a medical condition that may require treatment.
Sweat gland diseases are medical conditions that affect the functioning or structure of sweat glands, leading to excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), lack of sweating (anhydrosis), or abnormal sweating (e.g., foul-smelling sweat). There are two main types of sweat glands in humans: eccrine glands, which produce a watery sweat that helps regulate body temperature, and apocrine glands, which are located in the armpits and groin and produce a thicker, milky sweat that can mix with bacteria on the skin and cause body odor.
Some examples of sweat gland diseases include:
1. Hidradenitis suppurativa: A chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation and infection of the apocrine glands, leading to the formation of abscesses, nodules, and sinus tracts.
2. Primary focal hyperhidrosis: A condition that causes excessive sweating in specific areas of the body, such as the armpits, hands, feet, or face, without any underlying medical cause.
3. Secondary generalized hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating that affects the entire body and is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as diabetes, thyroid disease, or obesity.
4. Cystic adenoma of the axilla: A benign tumor that arises from the apocrine glands in the armpit.
5. Eccrine nevus: A rare congenital condition characterized by an increased number of eccrine glands in a localized area of the skin, leading to excessive sweating.
6. Fox-Fordyce disease: A chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the apocrine glands, causing itchy papules and pustules in the armpits and groin.
7. Pachyonychia congenita: A rare genetic disorder characterized by thickened nails, palmoplantar keratoderma, and abnormalities of the eccrine glands, leading to excessive sweating and odor production.
Apocrine glands are a type of sweat gland found in mammals, including humans. They are most concentrated in areas with dense hair follicles, such as the axillae (armpits) and genital region. These glands release their secretions into the hair follicle, which then reaches the skin surface through the pores.
Apocrine glands become active during puberty and are associated with the production of odorous sweat. The sweat produced by apocrine glands is initially odorless but can acquire a smell when it comes into contact with bacteria on the skin surface, which break down the organic compounds in the sweat. This can contribute to body odor.
It's important to note that while apocrine glands are often associated with body odor, they do not cause body odor directly. The odor is produced when the sweat from apocrine glands mixes with bacteria on the skin surface.
Ectodysplasins are a group of signaling proteins that play crucial roles in the development and differentiation of ectodermal tissues, including the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. They are involved in various signaling pathways and help regulate cell growth, migration, and pattern formation during embryogenesis. Mutations in genes encoding ectodysplasins can lead to genetic disorders characterized by abnormalities in these tissues, such as ectodermal dysplasia syndromes.
Salivary glands are exocrine glands that produce saliva, which is secreted into the oral cavity to keep the mouth and throat moist, aid in digestion by initiating food breakdown, and help maintain dental health. There are three major pairs of salivary glands: the parotid glands located in the cheeks, the submandibular glands found beneath the jaw, and the sublingual glands situated under the tongue. Additionally, there are numerous minor salivary glands distributed throughout the oral cavity lining. These glands release their secretions through a system of ducts into the mouth.
Exocrine glands are a type of gland in the human body that produce and release substances through ducts onto an external or internal surface. These glands are responsible for secreting various substances such as enzymes, hormones, and lubricants that help in digestion, protection, and other bodily functions.
Exocrine glands can be further classified into three types based on their mode of secretion:
1. Merocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by exocytosis, where the secretory product is enclosed in a vesicle that fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell. Examples include sweat glands and mucous glands.
2. Apocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by pinching off a portion of the cytoplasm along with the secretory product. An example is the apocrine sweat gland found in the armpits and genital area.
3. Holocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by disintegrating and releasing the entire cell, including its organelles and secretory products. An example is the sebaceous gland found in the skin, which releases an oily substance called sebum.
Sebaceous glands are microscopic, exocrine glands that are found in the dermis of mammalian skin. They are attached to hair follicles and produce an oily substance called sebum, which is composed of triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and metabolites of fat-producing cells (fatty acids, cholesterol). Sebum is released through a duct onto the surface of the skin, where it forms a protective barrier that helps to prevent water loss, keeps the skin and hair moisturized, and has antibacterial properties.
Sebaceous glands are distributed throughout the body, but they are most numerous on the face, scalp, and upper trunk. They can also be found in other areas of the body such as the eyelids (where they are known as meibomian glands), the external ear canal, and the genital area.
Abnormalities in sebaceous gland function can lead to various skin conditions, including acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and certain types of skin cancer.
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a group of genetic disorders that affect the development and formation of ectodermal tissues, which include the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. The condition is usually present at birth or appears in early infancy.
The symptoms of ED can vary widely depending on the specific type and severity of the disorder. Common features may include:
* Sparse or absent hair
* Thin, wrinkled, or rough skin
* Abnormal or missing teeth
* Nail abnormalities
* Absent or reduced sweat glands, leading to heat intolerance and problems regulating body temperature
* Ear abnormalities, which can result in hearing loss
* Eye abnormalities
ED is caused by mutations in genes that are involved in the development of ectodermal tissues. Most cases of ED are inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that a child can inherit the disorder even if only one parent (dominant) or both parents (recessive) carry the mutated gene.
There is no cure for ED, but treatment is focused on managing the symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include measures to maintain body temperature, such as cooling vests or frequent cool baths; dental treatments to replace missing teeth; hearing aids for hearing loss; and skin care regimens to prevent dryness and irritation.
Mammary glands are specialized exocrine glands found in mammals, including humans and other animals. These glands are responsible for producing milk, which is used to nurse offspring after birth. The mammary glands are located in the breast region of female mammals and are usually rudimentary or absent in males.
In animals, mammary glands can vary in number and location depending on the species. For example, humans and other primates have two mammary glands, one in each breast. Cows, goats, and sheep, on the other hand, have multiple pairs of mammary glands located in their lower abdominal region.
Mammary glands are made up of several structures, including lobules, ducts, and connective tissue. The lobules contain clusters of milk-secreting cells called alveoli, which produce and store milk. The ducts transport the milk from the lobules to the nipple, where it is released during lactation.
Mammary glands are an essential feature of mammals, as they provide a source of nutrition for newborn offspring. They also play a role in the development and maintenance of the mother-infant bond, as nursing provides opportunities for physical contact and bonding between the mother and her young.
The submandibular glands are one of the major salivary glands in the human body. They are located beneath the mandible (jawbone) and produce saliva that helps in digestion, lubrication, and protection of the oral cavity. The saliva produced by the submandibular glands contains enzymes like amylase and mucin, which aid in the digestion of carbohydrates and provide moisture to the mouth and throat. Any medical condition or disease that affects the submandibular gland may impact its function and could lead to problems such as dry mouth (xerostomia), swelling, pain, or infection.
Ectodysplasin receptors are a group of proteins that belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. They play crucial roles in the development and function of ectodermal tissues, which include the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands.
There are two main types of Ectodysplasin receptors: EDAR (Ectodysplasin A Receptor) and XEDAR (X-linked Ectodysplasin A Receptor). These receptors bind to their respective ligands, Ectodysplasin A (EDA) and Ectodysplasin A2 (EDA2), which are also members of the TNF family.
When EDA or EDA2 binds to EDAR or XEDAR, it activates a signaling pathway that involves several downstream molecules, including TRAF6 (TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6) and NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). This signaling cascade ultimately leads to the regulation of gene expression and cellular responses that are essential for ectodermal development.
Mutations in the genes encoding EDA, EDAR, or XEDAR have been associated with various genetic disorders, such as ectodermal dysplasias, which are characterized by abnormalities in the development of ectodermal tissues.
Hypohidrosis is a medical condition characterized by reduced or absent sweating. It's the opposite of hyperhidrosis, which is excessive sweating. Sweating is an essential function that helps regulate body temperature through the evaporation of sweat on the skin surface. When this process is impaired due to hypohidrosis, it can lead to difficulties in maintaining a normal body temperature, especially during physical exertion or in hot environments.
Hypohidrosis may be localized, affecting only certain areas of the body, or generalized, affecting the entire body. The causes of hypohidrosis are varied and include genetic factors, nerve damage, skin disorders, dehydration, burns, or the use of certain medications. Depending on its underlying cause, hypohidrosis can be managed through appropriate treatments, such as addressing nerve damage, managing skin conditions, or adjusting medication usage.
Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agonist, which means it stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system by binding to muscarinic receptors. It is primarily used in the treatment of dry mouth (xerostomia) caused by radiation therapy or Sjögren's syndrome, as well as in the management of glaucoma due to its ability to construct the pupils and reduce intraocular pressure. Pilocarpine can also be used to treat certain cardiovascular conditions and chronic bronchitis. It is available in various forms, including tablets, ophthalmic solutions, and topical gels.
The parotid gland is the largest of the major salivary glands. It is a bilobed, accessory digestive organ that secretes serous saliva into the mouth via the parotid duct (Stensen's duct), located near the upper second molar tooth. The parotid gland is primarily responsible for moistening and lubricating food to aid in swallowing and digestion.
Anatomically, the parotid gland is located in the preauricular region, extending from the zygomatic arch superiorly to the angle of the mandible inferiorly, and from the masseter muscle anteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid muscle posteriorly. It is enclosed within a fascial capsule and has a rich blood supply from the external carotid artery and a complex innervation pattern involving both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers.
Parotid gland disorders can include salivary gland stones (sialolithiasis), infections, inflammatory conditions, benign or malignant tumors, and autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome.
Carcinoma of the skin appendages refers to a type of cancer that originates in the specialized cells of the skin's sweat glands, hair follicles, or sebaceous glands. These cancers are relatively rare and can present as various subtypes, including eccrine carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, hidradenocarcinoma, and malignant adnexal tumors.
The symptoms of skin appendage carcinomas may include:
1. A firm, painless lump or nodule under the skin that may be skin-colored, red, or blue.
2. Ulceration, crusting, or bleeding from the lesion.
3. Itching, burning, or pain in the affected area.
4. Lymph node enlargement near the tumor site.
Treatment typically involves surgical excision of the tumor, often followed by radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy to ensure complete removal and reduce the risk of recurrence. Regular follow-up appointments with a dermatologist or oncologist are essential for monitoring and early detection of any potential recurrences or new primary cancers.
Neoplasms, adnexal and skin appendage refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the sweat glands, hair follicles, or other structures associated with the skin. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can occur anywhere on the body.
Adnexal neoplasms are tumors that arise from the sweat glands or hair follicles, including the sebaceous glands, eccrine glands, and apocrine glands. These tumors can range in size and severity, and they may cause symptoms such as pain, itching, or changes in the appearance of the skin.
Skin appendage neoplasms are similar to adnexal neoplasms, but they specifically refer to tumors that arise from structures such as hair follicles, nails, and sweat glands. Examples of skin appendage neoplasms include pilomatricomas (tumors of the hair follicle), trichilemmomas (tumors of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle), and sebaceous adenomas (tumors of the sebaceous glands).
It is important to note that while many adnexal and skin appendage neoplasms are benign, some can be malignant and may require aggressive treatment. If you notice any unusual growths or changes in your skin, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and care.
Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition characterized by excessive sweating beyond the normal requirement for thermoregulation. It can affect various parts of the body, but it primarily occurs in the palms, soles, underarms, and face. The sweating can be so profuse that it can interfere with daily activities and cause significant distress or embarrassment. Hyperhidrosis can be primary (idiopathic), meaning there is no underlying medical condition causing it, or secondary, due to a known cause such as anxiety, certain medications, infections, or medical conditions like diabetes or hyperthyroidism.
Syringomas are benign, slow-growing skin tumors that originate from the eccrine sweat glands. They typically appear as multiple, small, skin-colored or slightly yellowish papules, often found on the lower eyelids, upper cheeks, and other areas of the face. They can also occur on the chest, abdomen, and genital regions. Syringomas are more common in women than men and usually develop during adolescence or early adulthood. While they are generally harmless and do not cause any symptoms, some people may seek treatment for cosmetic reasons.
In medical terms, the skin is the largest organ of the human body. It consists of two main layers: the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (inner layer), as well as accessory structures like hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands. The skin plays a crucial role in protecting us from external factors such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental hazards, while also regulating body temperature and enabling the sense of touch.
Re-epithelialization is a medical term that refers to the process of healing and restoration of the epithelium, which is the tissue that lines the outer surface of the body and the inner surfaces of organs and cavities. This tissue is made up of cells called epithelial cells, which form a protective barrier against the external environment.
Re-epithelialization occurs when the epithelium is damaged or injured, such as during wound healing. During this process, specialized epithelial cells called keratinocytes migrate to the site of injury and proliferate, eventually covering the wounded area and forming a new layer of epithelium. This helps to restore the protective barrier and prevent infection and other complications.
Re-epithelialization is an important part of the healing process and is necessary for the proper functioning of many organs and systems in the body. It is a complex process that involves the coordinated interaction of various cells, signaling molecules, and other factors.
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins (VAChT) are specialized integral membrane proteins that play a crucial role in the storage and release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) within synaptic vesicles. These transport proteins are located in the membranes of synaptic vesicles, which are small, membrane-bound organelles found in nerve terminals.
VAChT is responsible for actively transporting ACh from the cytosol (the fluid inside the cell) into these synaptic vesicles. The protein uses the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP to move ACh against its concentration gradient, accumulating it within the vesicles to high concentrations. This allows for the efficient and rapid release of ACh into the synapse upon stimulation of the nerve terminal, facilitating neurotransmission between neurons.
Defects in VAChT function or expression have been implicated in several neurological disorders, including certain forms of epilepsy and mental retardation, highlighting its importance in maintaining normal neural communication.
The sublingual glands are a pair of salivary glands located in the floor of the mouth, beneath the tongue. They are the smallest of the major salivary glands and produce around 5-10% of the total saliva in the mouth. The sublingual glands secrete saliva containing electrolytes, enzymes (such as amylase), and antibacterial compounds that help in digestion, lubrication, and protection against microorganisms.
The sublingual glands' secretions are released through multiple small ducts called the ducts of Rivinus or minor sublingual ducts, as well as a larger duct called the duct of Wharton, which is a common excretory duct for both sublingual and submandibular glands.
Sublingual gland dysfunction can lead to conditions such as dry mouth (xerostomia), dental caries, or oral infections.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which regulates the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. When this gene is not functioning properly, thick, sticky mucus builds up in various organs, leading to a range of symptoms.
In the lungs, this mucus can clog the airways, making it difficult to breathe and increasing the risk of lung infections. Over time, lung damage can occur, which may lead to respiratory failure. In the digestive system, the thick mucus can prevent the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas, impairing nutrient absorption and leading to malnutrition. CF can also affect the reproductive system, liver, and other organs.
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis may include persistent coughing, wheezing, lung infections, difficulty gaining weight, greasy stools, and frequent greasy diarrhea. The severity of the disease can vary significantly among individuals, depending on the specific genetic mutations they have inherited.
Currently, there is no cure for cystic fibrosis, but treatments are available to help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These may include airway clearance techniques, medications to thin mucus, antibiotics to treat infections, enzyme replacement therapy, and a high-calorie, high-fat diet. Lung transplantation is an option for some individuals with advanced lung disease.
Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is a type of aquaporin, which is a family of water channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water molecules across cell membranes. Specifically, AQP5 is found in various tissues, including the lungs, salivary and lacrimal glands, sweat glands, and cornea. It plays a crucial role in maintaining water homeostasis and lubrication in these tissues.
In the lungs, AQP5 helps regulate airway surface liquid volume and composition, contributing to proper lung function. In the salivary and lacrimal glands, it aids in fluid secretion, ensuring adequate moisture in the mouth and eyes. In sweat glands, AQP5 facilitates water transport during sweating, helping to regulate body temperature. Lastly, in the cornea, AQP5 helps maintain transparency and hydration, contributing to clear vision.
Defects or dysfunctions in AQP5 can lead to various conditions, such as dry mouth (xerostomia), dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), and potentially impaired lung function.
An "injection, intradermal" refers to a type of injection where a small quantity of a substance is introduced into the layer of skin between the epidermis and dermis, using a thin gauge needle. This technique is often used for diagnostic or research purposes, such as conducting allergy tests or administering immunizations in a way that stimulates a strong immune response. The injection site typically produces a small, raised bump (wheal) that disappears within a few hours. It's important to note that intradermal injections should be performed by trained medical professionals to minimize the risk of complications.
Dibenzylchloroethane is not a medical term or a medication used in medicine. It is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2CHCl. This compound is not commonly used in a clinical setting, and it does not have a specific medical definition. If you have any questions about a specific chemical compound or medication, I would be happy to help if you provide more context.
Methacholine compounds are medications that are used as a diagnostic tool to help identify and confirm the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with respiratory symptoms such as cough, wheeze, or shortness of breath. These compounds act as bronchoconstrictors, causing narrowing of the airways in individuals who have heightened sensitivity and reactivity of their airways, such as those with asthma.
Methacholine is a synthetic derivative of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that mediates nerve impulse transmission in the body. When inhaled, methacholine binds to muscarinic receptors on the smooth muscle surrounding the airways, leading to their contraction and narrowing. The degree of bronchoconstriction is then measured to assess the patient's airway responsiveness.
It is important to note that methacholine compounds are not used as therapeutic agents but rather as diagnostic tools in a controlled medical setting under the supervision of healthcare professionals.
The EDA receptor (Ectodysplasin A receptor) is a gene that encodes a transmembrane protein involved in the development and maintenance of various tissues, including the skin and hair follicles. The Edar receptor plays a crucial role in the signaling pathway that regulates the formation and patterning of these structures during embryonic development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with several human genetic disorders, such as ectodermal dysplasia, which is characterized by abnormalities in the hair, teeth, nails, and sweat glands.
The Harderian gland is a specialized exocrine gland located in many vertebrate species, including birds and mammals. In humans, it is rudimentary and not fully developed. However, in other animals like rodents, lagomorphs (rabbits and hares), and some reptiles, this gland plays a significant role.
The Harderian gland is primarily responsible for producing and secreting lipids, which help to lubricate the eye's surface and the nictitating membrane (third eyelid). This lubrication ensures that the eyes remain moist and protected from dryness and external irritants. Additionally, the secretions of the Harderian gland contain immunoglobulins, which contribute to the animal's immune defense system by providing protection against pathogens.
In some animals, the Harderian gland also has a role in pheromone production and communication. The study and understanding of this gland are particularly important in toxicological research, as it is often used as an indicator of environmental pollutant exposure and their effects on wildlife.
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, composed mainly of stratified squamous epithelium. It forms a protective barrier that prevents water loss and inhibits the entry of microorganisms. The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and its cells are nourished by diffusion from the underlying dermis. The bottom-most layer of the epidermis, called the stratum basale, is responsible for generating new skin cells that eventually move up to replace dead cells on the surface. This process of cell turnover takes about 28 days in adults.
The most superficial part of the epidermis consists of dead cells called squames, which are constantly shed and replaced. The exact rate at which this happens varies depending on location; for example, it's faster on the palms and soles than elsewhere. Melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells, are also located in the epidermis, specifically within the stratum basale layer.
In summary, the epidermis is a vital part of our integumentary system, providing not only physical protection but also playing a crucial role in immunity and sensory perception through touch receptors called Pacinian corpuscles.
Edar-associated death domain protein (EDARADD) is a gene that encodes for a protein involved in the signaling pathway of the ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR). The EDAR signaling pathway plays crucial roles in the development of various organs, including skin, hair, teeth, and sweat glands.
The EDARADD protein contains a death domain that interacts with the death domain of EDAR upon activation by ectodysplasin A (EDA). This interaction leads to the recruitment of additional signaling proteins and ultimately activates downstream targets, which regulate cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Mutations in the EDARADD gene have been associated with several human genetic disorders, including ectodermal dysplasias, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), and an autosomal recessive form of cleft lip/palate. These conditions are characterized by abnormalities in the development of structures derived from the ectoderm, such as skin, hair, teeth, nails, and sweat glands.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Naphthylvinylpyridine" is not a widely recognized medical term or concept. It appears to be more related to organic chemistry than to medicine. Naphthylvinylpyridine is an aromatic compound consisting of a pyridine ring (a six-membered ring with five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom) substituted with a naphthalene ring and a vinyl group.
This compound may have potential uses in various chemical reactions or processes, but it does not have a direct relevance to medical definitions as far as I am aware. If you have any further questions about organic chemistry or related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them, to the best of my ability.
The adrenal glands are a pair of endocrine glands that are located on top of the kidneys. Each gland has two parts: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The adrenal cortex produces hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens, which regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and other vital functions. The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, including epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help the body respond to stress by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness.
Body temperature regulation, also known as thermoregulation, is the process by which the body maintains its core internal temperature within a narrow range, despite varying external temperatures. This is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain, which acts as a thermostat and receives input from temperature receptors throughout the body. When the body's temperature rises above or falls below the set point, the hypothalamus initiates responses to bring the temperature back into balance. These responses can include shivering to generate heat, sweating to cool down, vasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels to regulate heat loss, and changes in metabolic rate. Effective body temperature regulation is crucial for maintaining optimal physiological function and overall health.
In medical terms, the foot is the part of the lower limb that is distal to the leg and below the ankle, extending from the tarsus to the toes. It is primarily responsible for supporting body weight and facilitating movement through push-off during walking or running. The foot is a complex structure made up of 26 bones, 33 joints, and numerous muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves that work together to provide stability, balance, and flexibility. It can be divided into three main parts: the hindfoot, which contains the talus and calcaneus (heel) bones; the midfoot, which includes the navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform bones; and the forefoot, which consists of the metatarsals and phalanges that form the toes.
Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from the eccrine sweat glands. These glands are responsible for producing most of the sweat that helps to cool the body. Eccrine porocarcinoma typically appears as a slow-growing, firm nodule or plaque on the skin, often occurring on the head, neck, or trunk. It can also present as an ulcerated lesion.
The development of eccrine porocarcinoma is thought to be associated with long-term sun exposure, chronic irritation, and immunosuppression. The exact cause of this cancer remains unclear. Treatment usually involves surgical excision of the tumor, with possible radiation therapy or chemotherapy in advanced cases. Regular follow-up appointments are necessary due to the risk of recurrence and metastasis (spread) to other parts of the body.
"Skin physiological phenomena" is not a standard medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some information about the general concepts that might be encompassed by this term.
Physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes that occur in living organisms. When it comes to the skin, there are many different physiological phenomena that take place, including:
1. Barrier function: The skin acts as a barrier to protect the body from external elements such as bacteria, viruses, chemicals, and UV radiation.
2. Temperature regulation: The skin helps regulate body temperature through sweat production and blood flow.
3. Sensation: The skin contains nerve endings that allow us to feel touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.
4. Vitamin D synthesis: The skin can produce vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.
5. Moisture regulation: The skin helps maintain the body's moisture balance by producing sweat and preventing water loss.
6. Immunological function: The skin plays a role in the immune system by providing a physical barrier and containing immune cells that help fight off infections.
7. Excretion: The skin eliminates waste products through sweat.
8. Wound healing: The skin has the ability to repair itself after injury, through a complex process involving inflammation, tissue regeneration, and remodeling.
Therefore, "skin physiological phenomena" could refer to any or all of these functions and processes that take place in the skin.
Salivary gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the salivary glands. These glands are responsible for producing saliva, which helps in digestion, lubrication of food and maintaining oral health. Salivary gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign neoplasms are slow-growing and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as swelling, painless lumps, or difficulty swallowing if they grow large enough to put pressure on surrounding tissues.
Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can be aggressive and have the potential to invade nearby structures and metastasize (spread) to distant organs. Symptoms of malignant salivary gland neoplasms may include rapid growth, pain, numbness, or paralysis of facial nerves.
Salivary gland neoplasms can occur in any of the major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands) or in the minor salivary glands located throughout the mouth and throat. The exact cause of these neoplasms is not fully understood, but risk factors may include exposure to radiation, certain viral infections, and genetic predisposition.
Ectodermal dysplasia 1, anhidrotic (EDA) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the development of structures derived from the ectodermal layer of the embryo. The ectoderm is one of the three germ layers that form during embryonic development and gives rise to the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands, among other structures.
The term "anhidrotic" in EDA refers to the absence or reduced function of sweat glands (hypohidrosis or anhidrosis), which can lead to overheating and difficulty regulating body temperature. This is a key feature of this form of ectodermal dysplasia.
EDA is caused by mutations in the EDA gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called ectodysplasin A. This protein plays a crucial role in the development of ectodermal structures, particularly during early embryonic stages. Mutations in the EDA gene can lead to abnormal development and function of these structures, resulting in the symptoms associated with EDA.
Some common features of EDA include:
1. Absent or sparse hair (hypotrichosis)
2. Abnormal or missing teeth (oligodontia)
3. Absent or reduced sweat glands (anhidrosis or hypohidrosis)
4. Characteristic facial features, such as a prominent forehead, thick eyebrows, and a saddle nose
5. Dry, rough, or thin skin
6. Nail abnormalities
EDA is typically inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning that males are more likely to be affected than females. Females who carry the mutated gene can also show milder symptoms of the disorder. There is no cure for EDA, but various treatments and management strategies can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.
A hypertrophic cicatrix is a type of scar that forms when the body overproduces collagen during the healing process. Collagen is a protein that helps to repair and strengthen tissues in the body. However, when too much collagen is produced, it can cause the scar to become thickened, raised, and firm.
Hypertrophic scars are usually red or pink in color and may be itchy or painful. They typically develop within a few weeks of an injury or surgery and can continue to grow for several months before eventually stabilizing. Unlike keloids, which are a more severe type of scar that can grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound, hypertrophic scars do not extend beyond the site of the injury.
While hypertrophic scars can be unsightly and cause discomfort, they are generally not harmful to one's health. Treatment options may include corticosteroid injections, silicone gel sheeting, pressure therapy, or laser surgery to help reduce the size and appearance of the scar. It is important to seek medical advice if you are concerned about a hypertrophic scar or if it is causing significant discomfort or distress.
Adrenergic fibers are a type of nerve fiber that releases neurotransmitters known as catecholamines, such as norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline). These neurotransmitters bind to adrenergic receptors in various target organs, including the heart, blood vessels, lungs, glands, and other tissues, and mediate the "fight or flight" response to stress.
Adrenergic fibers can be classified into two types based on their neurotransmitter content:
1. Noradrenergic fibers: These fibers release norepinephrine as their primary neurotransmitter and are widely distributed throughout the autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic and some parasympathetic ganglia. They play a crucial role in regulating cardiovascular function, respiration, metabolism, and other physiological processes.
2. Adrenergic fibers with dual innervation: These fibers contain both norepinephrine and epinephrine as neurotransmitters and are primarily located in the adrenal medulla. They release epinephrine into the bloodstream, which acts on distant target organs to produce a more widespread and intense "fight or flight" response than norepinephrine alone.
Overall, adrenergic fibers play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis and responding to stress by modulating various physiological functions through the release of catecholamines.
Muscarinic agonists are a type of medication that binds to and activates muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which are found in various organ systems throughout the body. These receptors are activated naturally by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and when muscarinic agonists bind to them, they mimic the effects of acetylcholine.
Muscarinic agonists can have a range of effects on different organ systems, depending on which receptors they activate. For example, they may cause bronchodilation (opening up of the airways) in the respiratory system, decreased heart rate and blood pressure in the cardiovascular system, increased glandular secretions in the gastrointestinal and salivary systems, and relaxation of smooth muscle in the urinary and reproductive systems.
Some examples of muscarinic agonists include pilocarpine, which is used to treat dry mouth and glaucoma, and bethanechol, which is used to treat urinary retention. It's important to note that muscarinic agonists can also have side effects, such as sweating, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, due to their activation of receptors in various organ systems.
Sweat gland
Eccrine sweat gland
Apocrine sweat gland
Human evolution
Persistence hunting
Pig
Hidradenitis suppurativa
Amastia
Male reproductive system
Mammary gland
Boy
Masculinizing hormone therapy
Sweat diagnostics
Secondary sex characteristic
Adrenergic receptor
Dark skin
Exocrine gland
Aluminium sesquichlorohydrate
International Classification of Diseases for Oncology
Venom
Lipoma
Head and neck anatomy
Baleen whale
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Gray ramus communicans
Breast
Dermcidin
Vermilion border
Spix's disk-winged bat
Dromedary
Sweat (disambiguation)
Sweat gland - Wikipedia
Perspiration | Sweat Glands, Evaporation & Regulation | Britannica
Healing function of sweat glands declines wit | EurekAlert!
Apocrine (sweat gland) cancer - Cancer Survivors Network
Surgical resection for pulmonary metastases of sweat gland carcinoma. | Thorax
Precise measurement of volume of eccrine sweat gland in mental sweating by optical coherence tomography | SpringerLink
How GVHD Affects Skin, Nails, Hair and Sweat Glands (#GVHD)| BMT Infonet
2009 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 705 : Disorders of sweat glands
VARIATIONS WITH AGE IN THE NUMBER OF ACTIVE PALMAR DIGITAL SWEAT GLANDS | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Precise measurement of instantaneous volume of eccrine sweat gland in mental sweating by optical coherence tomography | (2015) ...
Primary Culture of Epithelial Cells from the Secretory Coil and the Reabsorptive Duct of the Human Eccrine Sweat Gland |...
Cutaneous apocrine sweat gland carcinoma | Oncotarget
Apocrine Sweat Glands
Tech: Tiny battery that runs off of SWEAT could power smartwatches and other wearables | Daily Mail Online
SWEAT GLANDS - ANATOMY-LEXICON
Diabetic Neuropathy - All Content - NIDDK
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR)
function of sweat glands - Graph Diagram
Excessive Sweating Gland | Keyword Rankings
sweat glands | Side Effects | Health and Medical News
Dedicated to all girls and their sweat glands! ⌘⌘⌘
Thermal Burns: Overview, Pathophysiology, Quantifying Burn Severity
Oncotarget: Cutaneous apocrine sweat gland carcinoma
Prevent Hyperactivity Of Sweat Glands With Acupuncture - Health and Medicine
Why do people sweat in sleep? - Answers
Never have one near the sweat glands - Junker Marine AS
When Do Feet Stop Growing? Timeline for Men and Women
The Difference Between Sweat Glands and Lymph Nodes - Naturally Healthy Skin
Free Sweat gland (apocrine) Icons, Symbols & Images | BioRender
The Science Behind How MiraDry Works on Your Sweat Glands - Be You Medical
Types of sweat glands4
- There are two main types of sweat glands that differ in their structure, function, secretory product, mechanism of excretion, anatomic distribution, and distribution across species: Eccrine sweat glands are distributed almost all over the human body, in varying densities, with the highest density in palms and soles, then on the head, but much less on the trunk and the extremities. (wikipedia.org)
- But did you know there are two types of sweat glands - eccrine and apocrine? (beyouthful.com)
- The two main types of sweat glands are eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands. (coursehero.com)
- The most numerous types of sweat glands in our skin, found almost everywhere on the body, are called eccrine glands. (coursehero.com)
Carcinoma8
- Ive just recently been diagnosed with sweat gland carcinoma. (cancer.org)
- Surgical resection for pulmonary metastases of sweat gland carcinoma. (bmj.com)
- A case of axillary sweat gland carcinoma which metastasised to both lungs six years after resection of the primary lesion is described. (bmj.com)
- Oncotarget published " Ex vivo analysis of DNA repair targeting in extreme rare cutaneous apocrine sweat gland carcinoma " which reported a rare metastatic case with a PALB2 aberration identified previously as a familial susceptibility gene for breast cancer in the Finnish population. (oncotarget.com)
- Purpose: We report an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma diagnosed by biopsy in a patient who presented with an eyelid mass.Case summary: A 64-year-old male presented with a 3 × 3 mm solitary, painless pinkish mass on the right lower eyelid that had developed over the past year. (fatcat.wiki)
- The patient was thus diagnosed with an endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma. (fatcat.wiki)
- The lesion healed, and there has been no sign of recurrence over 6 months of follow-up.Conclusions: An endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma is a very rare low-grade glandular malignancy that has not been reported in Korea previously. (fatcat.wiki)
- Given these results, the authors discuss the difficulty in diagnosing differentiation from a primary or metastatic neoplasm of the scalp, with the resources currently available, until the conclusion that it was a primary carcinoma of the sweat gland. (bvsalud.org)
Secretion11
- Their apocrine glands, like those in humans, produce an odorless oily milky secretion evolved not to evaporate and cool but rather coat and stick to hair so odor-causing bacteria can grow on it. (wikipedia.org)
- The clear secretion produced by eccrine sweat glands is termed sweat or sensible perspiration. (wikipedia.org)
- Secretion of sweat by eccrine glands in the skin. (britannica.com)
- There are also the so-called apocrine sweat glands which are only found in certain regions of the skin and whose function is the secretion of fragrances. (lifeafterjob.com)
- These glands are unbranched and conduct the produced fluid via tubular ducts through the cutis to the surface of the skin, where the glands are then widened like a ball and the secretion takes place. (lifeafterjob.com)
- These help to practically express the secretion from the glands and since they are controlled by the vegetative nervous system, they are not subject to our arbitrary control. (lifeafterjob.com)
- The secretion of sweat takes place according to the exocrine mechanism, which describes the release of a substance to an internal or, in the case of the sweat glands, external surface. (lifeafterjob.com)
- Although they are also located in the fatty tissue of the subcutaneous tissue, they are closely connected to the hair follicles: the secretion produced reaches the surface along the ducts on the hair shaft together with the secretion from the sebum glands. (lifeafterjob.com)
- The sebaceous gland is an example of a holocrine gland because its product of secretion (sebum) is released with remnants of dead cells. (coursehero.com)
- Regardless, the secretion of sebum out of the gland is helped along by the contraction of the arrector pili muscle. (coursehero.com)
- Because respiratory water loss contributes little to evaporative cooling in warm or hot environments, cooling must come primarily from cutaneous sweat secretion. (nih.gov)
Million sweat glands3
- Four Million Sweat Glands! (naturallyhealthyskin.org)
- There are four million sweat glands in the average human body, with most of these in our palms and the soles of the feet. (naturallyhealthyskin.org)
- The average person has 2.6 million sweat glands. (cdc.gov)
Mammary glands2
- Ceruminous glands (which produce ear wax), mammary glands (which produce milk), and ciliary glands in the eyelids are modified apocrine sweat glands. (wikipedia.org)
- Salivary amylase is synthesized by parotid, sweat, and lactating mammary glands. (medscape.com)
Salivary glands1
- Amylase is an enzyme produced in the pancreas and by the salivary glands that converts starches, glycogens, and related polysaccharides into simple and easily digested sugar. (medscape.com)
Perspiration6
- perspiration , in most mammals, water given off by the intact skin, either as vapour by simple evaporation from the epidermis ( insensible perspiration) or as sweat , a form of cooling in which liquid actively secreted from sweat glands evaporates from the body surface. (britannica.com)
- A flexible battery that runs off of perspiration and can discharge 20 hours' worth of electricity for low-powered wearables from just 2ml of sweat has been developed. (dailymail.co.uk)
- The absorbent properties of the textile mean that it can retain sweat, providing the battery with a constant supply even when the wearer's perspiration rate varies. (dailymail.co.uk)
- Our anatomies need certainly to perspiration to end overheating, making it particularly important to prevent stop your own sweat glands with a tat. (junkermarine.no)
- Sweat is also known as perspiration (say: pur-spuh-RAY-shun), and it is made almost completely of water, with tiny amounts of other chemicals like ammonia (say: uh-MOWN-yuh), urea (say: yoo-REE-uh), salts, and sugar. (kidshealth.org)
- Perspiration (sweat) is a clear, salty liquid produced by glands in your skin. (medlineplus.gov)
Exocrine glands1
- Among the exocrine glands, the sweat glands belong to the group of eccrine (merocrine) glands , which means that their secretions are secreted without any detectable loss of cellular components. (lifeafterjob.com)
Sebaceous glands6
- Sebaceous glands are found in most of the skin (except the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet). (coursehero.com)
- Sebaceous glands are classified as holocrine glands. (coursehero.com)
- A thick oily substance, secreted by the sebaceous glands of the skin, that consists of fat and cellular debris. (coursehero.com)
- Sebaceous glands are the oil secreting glands of your body. (coursehero.com)
- The sebaceous glands are located in the dermis, the middle layer of the skin, and they develop from the epithelial cells of the hair follicle itself (the external root sheath of the hair follicle). (coursehero.com)
- Cellular infiltrate around hair, sweat, and sebaceous glands. (cdc.gov)
Overactive sweat2
- Hyperhidrosis is caused by overactive sweat glands and affects about 3 percent of the U.S. population. (acompany.store)
- MiraDry reduces sweating in targeted areas by producing thermal energy to destroy overactive sweat glands, providing immediate and long-lasting relief! (beyouthful.com)
Square centimeter3
- Most of the sweat glands are found on the soles of the feet and palms, namely around 600 per square centimeter. (lifeafterjob.com)
- For example, places where there are only about 60 to 100 glands per square centimeter are the back and thighs. (lifeafterjob.com)
- Compared to the rest of your body, the soles of your feet have the most sweat glands per square centimeter. (healthline.com)
Armpits5
- Apocrine sweat glands are mostly limited to the axillae (armpits) and perineal area in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Another difference is that these sweat glands are only found in certain areas of the skin, including genital organs, nipples and armpits. (lifeafterjob.com)
- Apocrine glands, on the other hand, are primarily found in areas like the armpits and groin, producing thicker sweat high in protein. (beyouthful.com)
- The apocrine glands are found in places like the armpits, scrotum, anus, and labia majora. (coursehero.com)
- And when you reach puberty, special hormones affect the glands in your armpits - these glands make sweat that can really smell. (kidshealth.org)
Excessive Sweating16
- Hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating, which means sweating more than normal. (acompany.store)
- Hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating that may or may not have an underlying cause. (acompany.store)
- Excessive sweating is common and can affect the whole body or just certain areas. (acompany.store)
- Hyperhidrosis disorder is a condition that results in excessive sweating. (acompany.store)
- Develop body endurance: Acupuncture is preferred now in Western countries too as it eradicates excessive sweating and various disorders from root. (aixuebb.com)
- In excessive sweating acupuncture is carried directly at area if it is palmar or plantar hyperhidrosis. (aixuebb.com)
- It is done to control excessive sweating by sweat glands by balancing nervous system outcomes. (aixuebb.com)
- Excessive sweating has many cures and within one only lies the key to queries, just needs to be unlocked. (aixuebb.com)
- MiraDry is a revolutionary treatment that can be an absolute game-changer for anyone struggling with excessive sweating. (beyouthful.com)
- So if you're tired of constantly feeling self-conscious and uncomfortable because of your excessive sweating, MiraDry could be the solution you've been looking for. (beyouthful.com)
- Axillary hyperhidrosis characterized by excessive sweating in the axillary regions is a frustrating chronic autonomic disorder leading to social embarrassment, impaired quality of life and usually associated with palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. (nih.gov)
- Dermatologists help many patients control excessive sweating. (aad.org)
- Before treatment begins, it is important to find out why a patient has excessive sweating. (aad.org)
- This helps the doctor understand why the patient has excessive sweating. (aad.org)
- Treatment depends on the type of hyperhidrosis and where the excessive sweating occurs on the body. (aad.org)
- If excessive sweating affects your hands, feet, or both areas, this may be an option. (aad.org)
Epidermis3
- The thick epidermis of the palms and soles causes the sweat glands to become spirally coiled. (wikipedia.org)
- What's more, it looks like one to surface that a tat toward it launches 50 % smaller sweating than just nearby epidermis. (junkermarine.no)
- You'll find your sweat glands and lymph vessels in the layer of the skin called the dermis , which sits just below the outermost layer of skin called the epidermis. (naturallyhealthyskin.org)
Skin35
- Sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands, from Latin sudor 'sweat', are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat. (wikipedia.org)
- They are ten times smaller than apocrine sweat glands, do not extend as deeply into the dermis, and excrete directly onto the surface of the skin. (wikipedia.org)
- When the body temperature rises, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the eccrine sweat glands to secrete water to the skin surface, where it cools the body by evaporation. (britannica.com)
- A group of scientists and dermatologists are now looking at the role sweat glands play in how aging skin recovers from wounds. (eurekalert.org)
- It wasn't that the sweat glands were less active in older people, rather, that the environment in the aging skin had been slowly degraded, making the skin structures less able to support the new cells that were generated. (eurekalert.org)
- Chronic sun exposure is an important factor that damages skin structures that normally support sweat glands. (eurekalert.org)
- Chronic GVHD most often affects the skin, nails, hair and sweat glands. (bmtinfonet.org)
- This is essential, as the rate at which human skin sweats varies depending not only on bodily location and environmental conditions but also on the time of day. (dailymail.co.uk)
- The eccrine sweat glands belong to the skin appendages, just like nails and hair. (lifeafterjob.com)
- However, the density with which the skin is covered with sweat glands varies greatly from area to area. (lifeafterjob.com)
- In addition, through the fatty acids it contains, sweat supports the natural acid protection of our skin and makes it supple. (lifeafterjob.com)
- You to definitely ink on your skin can in fact stop sweating, thus like where you can put it really intelligently. (junkermarine.no)
- Lymph nodes, sweat glands, melanocytes, pores and all - your skin is a wonderful and magical thing! (naturallyhealthyskin.org)
- Your skin is also a major player in eliminating unwanted substances, chemicals, and toxins from the body and this is where sweat glands and lymph nodes come in, but what's the difference between the two and what do they do to keep skin naturally healthy ? (naturallyhealthyskin.org)
- In contrast to our abundant sweat glands, the lymph vessels in our skin do not open out directly onto the surface and so do not excrete substances from the body directly. (naturallyhealthyskin.org)
- Staying hydrated, well nourished, and getting regular exercise so as to encourage healthy sweating and proper flow of lymphatic fluid are all key to achieving naturally healthy skin. (naturallyhealthyskin.org)
- It works by targeting the sweat glands beneath the skin and using controlled thermal energy to reduce the amount of sweat produced when the body gets hot or stressed. (beyouthful.com)
- Sweat glands are located deep within the skin and primarily regulate temperature. (coursehero.com)
- They are coiled tubular glands that discharge their secretions directly onto the surface of the skin. (coursehero.com)
- The major sweat glands of the human body, found in virtually all skin, produce a clear, odorless substance, consisting primarily of water and NaCl. (coursehero.com)
- Cross sectional image of skin showing a sweat gland and a sebaceous gland. (coursehero.com)
- They are typically larger than eccrine glands and their ducts tend to open into hair follicles instead of hairless areas of skin. (coursehero.com)
- These are also the glands largely responsible for body smells, as their excretions are converted by skin bacteria into various chemicals we associated with body odor. (coursehero.com)
- However, some sebaceous gland ducts open directly onto our skin surface such as at the corner of the mouth and the glans penis. (coursehero.com)
- Then special glands in your skin called - what else? (kidshealth.org)
- The sweat leaves your skin through tiny holes called pores. (kidshealth.org)
- As the sweat evaporates off your skin, you cool down. (kidshealth.org)
- Sweat is a great cooling system, but if you're sweating a lot on a hot day or after playing hard you could be losing too much water through your skin. (kidshealth.org)
- It's the bacteria that live on your skin that mix with the sweat and give it a stinky smell. (kidshealth.org)
- This might occur due to using makeup, sweating, and applying skin care products. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Sweat evaporates off our skin which allows for heat loss and cooling. (cdc.gov)
- When sweat evaporates (dries) on your skin, it removes heat and cools you. (cdc.gov)
- Previous studies show that EDA, which tracks changes in the skin due to sweat gland activity in response to psychological stimuli, is reduced in unipolar depression. (medscape.com)
- Scaling of the skin may lead to obstruction of sweat glands, resulting in thermoregulatory complications. (medscape.com)
- Skin biopsy showed p62-positive intranuclear inclusions in sweat glands. (bvsalud.org)
Pores3
- In the finger pads, sweat glands pores are somewhat irregularly spaced on the epidermal ridges. (wikipedia.org)
- There are no pores between the ridges, though sweat tends to spill into them. (wikipedia.org)
- Sweat glands are responsible for producing sweat, which is then released through the skin's pores. (beyouthful.com)
Cutaneous1
- The tumorigenesis of these rare cancers is largely unclear, but histologically cutaneous apocrine gland carcinomas mimic metastatic apocrine breast cancer or apocrine carcinomas arising in ectopic breast tissue. (oncotarget.com)
Electrolytes5
- Sweat is mostly water, but it does contain some electrolytes, since it is derived from blood plasma. (wikipedia.org)
- Human eccrine sweat is essentially a dilute sodium chloride solution with trace amounts of other plasma electrolytes. (britannica.com)
- Sweat also contains other electrolytes than Table salt and other substances such as fatty acids, metabolic end products and antibacterial substances such as dermcidin. (lifeafterjob.com)
- Last but not least, sweat also plays a role in detoxifying the body, as other urinary substances such as electrolytes and nitrogenous substances can also be excreted in it. (lifeafterjob.com)
- Workers that eat regular meals and salt-containing snacks will usually be able to replace electrolytes lost during sweating. (cdc.gov)
Excessively3
- Hyperhidrosis is a common condition in which a person sweats excessively. (acompany.store)
- Night sweats are episodes of nighttime sweating that soak your nightclothes or bedding even when your bedroom isn't excessively hot. (answers.com)
- This includes looking closely at the areas of the body that sweat excessively. (aad.org)
Sudoriferous2
- Sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous glands, are distributed over most of the body surface. (coursehero.com)
- Sweat glands, also called sudoriferous glands, are simple tubular glands found almost everywhere on our body. (coursehero.com)
Dermis2
- The secretory coil or base, is set deep in the lower dermis and hypodermis, and the entire gland is surrounded by adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- Dehydration can quickly lead to an accumulation of metabolic waste and toxins in the dermis as there is not enough water to flush these out through sweat. (naturallyhealthyskin.org)
Tubular1
- Apocrine sweat glands are coiled tubular glands that discharge in the canals of hair follicles. (coursehero.com)
Hyperhidrosis3
- Important diseases of the sweat glands primarily affect the quantity of secreted fluid: If there is no sweat production at all, this is called Anhidrosis but if it is increased, there is one Hyperhidrosis in front. (lifeafterjob.com)
- Hyperhidrosis is defined as sweating that disrupts normal activities. (acompany.store)
- Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by abnormally increased sweating, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature. (acompany.store)
Secrete sweat2
- Their task is to secrete sweat, which makes an important contribution to the regulation of the body's heat balance. (lifeafterjob.com)
- Their name is misleading as they do not secrete sweat but fragrance, but they are a slightly modified form of the sweat glands. (lifeafterjob.com)
Bacteria3
- In addition, the sweat also helps to fight off germs such as bacteria or fungi and thus participates in the immune defense. (lifeafterjob.com)
- Future deodorants might target that bad actor rather than blocking sweat glands or nuking all bacteria. (sideeffectspublicmedia.org)
- The sweat produced may be acted upon by bacteria, causing a noticeable odor. (coursehero.com)
Bladder1
- Autonomic neuropathy can lead to problems with your heart rate and blood pressure, digestive system, bladder, sex organs, sweat glands, eyes, and ability to sense hypoglycemia . (nih.gov)
Sebum1
- The infundibulum is part of the pilosebaceous canal, the one responsible for discharging sebum and one that is composed of the infundibulum and the short duct of the sebaceous gland itself. (coursehero.com)
Secretory product1
- In both sweat gland types, the secretory coils are surrounded by contractile myoepithelial cells that function to facilitate excretion of secretory product. (wikipedia.org)
Blood vessels2
- Certain diabetes complications , such as damage to blood vessels and nerves, can affect your sweat glands so your body can't cool as effectively . (cdc.gov)
- Fibers that secrete acetylcholine (cholinergic fibers) include all preganglionic fibers, all postganglionic parasympathetic fibers, and some postganglionic sympathetic fibers (those that innervate piloerectors, sweat glands, and blood vessels). (msdmanuals.com)
Salty2
- The presence of sodium chloride gives sweat a salty taste. (wikipedia.org)
- Sweat is a clear liquid that is slightly acidic (the pH is around 4.5) and salty. (lifeafterjob.com)
Varies greatly1
- The number of active sweat glands varies greatly among different people, though comparisons between different areas (ex. (wikipedia.org)
Body22
- They have eccrine glands between hairs over most of their body (while humans have them between the hairs on their scalp). (wikipedia.org)
- The researchers had already determined eccrine sweat glands, which are located throughout the body, are important for wound closure. (eurekalert.org)
- The so-called sweat glands are usually called eccrine sweat glands , i.e. those sweat glands that, with a few exceptions, are all over the body. (lifeafterjob.com)
- The exact function of these scent glands has not yet been conclusively clarified, but we already know that they are responsible for personal body odor and thus also for sexual behavior. (lifeafterjob.com)
- The body uses sweat as a form of temperature control, in order to cool itself. (acompany.store)
- Acupuncture is also very useful in treating various body disorders and sweating too after some regular sessions. (aixuebb.com)
- It means that his body needs to get rid of heat and blood is nearer the surface on the head than other parts of the body so blood comes to the surface to be cooled and activates the sweat gland of the head. (answers.com)
- Centered on research conducted recently, which have a tattoo influences just how one's body sweats. (junkermarine.no)
- Sweat production might seem like a simple bodily function, but it's a complex process that plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature. (beyouthful.com)
- Eccrine glands are found all over the body and release sweat, mostly comprised of water and salt. (beyouthful.com)
- Both glands are activated when your body temperature rises or when you're under stress. (beyouthful.com)
- The type of sweat gland that is least responsible for thermoregulation and most responsible for body odor. (coursehero.com)
- These are the true sweat glands in the sense of helping to regulate body temperature. (coursehero.com)
- In other words, sweating causes the loss of body heat and thus cools us down on a hot day or when performing strenuous exercise. (coursehero.com)
- This is because as the water in sweat evaporates, it takes body heat with it. (coursehero.com)
- These glands, unlike the eccrine glands, serve virtually no role in the regulation of body temperature. (coursehero.com)
- So the part of your brain that controls temperature, called the hypothalamus (say: hi-po-THAL-uh-mus), sends a message to your body, telling it to sweat. (kidshealth.org)
- Sometimes too much sweating can be a sign that there is something wrong in the body, but this is rare in kids. (kidshealth.org)
- When your body senses that its sweat glands are plugged, this should signal your body to stop producing so much sweat. (aad.org)
- These glands are activated when a portion of the brain determines that the body needs to be cooled down. (cdc.gov)
- If a worker is experiencing symptoms of heat stroke (confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, high body temperature), whether they are sweating or not, it is a life-threatening emergency! (cdc.gov)
- Sweat evaporates when it hits the air, which cools your body down. (medlineplus.gov)
Hair7
- have apocrine glands at the base of each hair follicle, but eccrine glands only in foot pads and snout. (wikipedia.org)
- The apocrine sweat glands , associated with the presence of hair in human beings (as on the scalp, the armpit, and the genital region), continuously secrete a concentrated fatty sweat into the gland tube. (britannica.com)
- The ducts of the glands empty into an adjacent hair follicle. (medcell.org)
- Is there one or more substances that you have realized can permeate the sweat glands and hair roots easier and not just act topically? (drarmpit.com)
- Sebaceous gland ducts thus usually open up into the upper part of a hair follicle, called the infundibulum. (coursehero.com)
- and the number/density of hair follicles and sweat glands. (cdc.gov)
- Classification is determined by the combination and severity of the following affected traits: hair follicles, teeth, and sweat glands. (bvsalud.org)
Underarm1
- MiraDry uses electromagnetic energy to target and permanently eliminate sweat glands in the underarm area. (beyouthful.com)
Sodium chloride1
- In a person unused to heavy sweating, the loss of sodium chloride during a period of heavy labour or high temperatures may be great ( see sodium deficiency ), but the efficiency of the gland increases with use, and in acclimatized persons the salt loss is decreased. (britannica.com)
Inflammation1
- Other conditions in which determination of serum amylase is useful is to determine the effects of the removal of gallstones, and swelling and inflammation of the salivary/parotid glands. (medscape.com)
Unlike3
- Unlike conventional batteries, the sweat-powered battery design does not contain heavy metals or toxic chemicals which can harm both health and the environment. (dailymail.co.uk)
- Unlike other treatments that only offer temporary relief, MiraDry's effects are permanent, so you don't have to worry about your sweating returning after a few months. (beyouthful.com)
- Unlike eccrine glands, the exact function of apocrine glands is unknown and debated. (coursehero.com)
Typically larger1
- Apocrine sweat glands are typically larger and more productive than eccrine glands. (medcell.org)
Affects1
- Sweat is a natural bodily process designed to help regulate temperature, but for some of us, it can become an embarrassing problem that affects our confidence. (beyouthful.com)
Humans4
- They are not significant for cooling in humans, but are the sole effective sweat glands in hoofed animals, such as the camels, donkeys, horses, and cattle. (wikipedia.org)
- Eccrine glands on their foot pads, like those on palms and soles of humans, did not evolve to cool either but rather increase friction and enhance grip. (wikipedia.org)
- Sweat glands, although found in the majority of mammals, constitute the primary means of heat dissipation only in certain hoofed animals (orders Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla) and in primates, including humans. (britannica.com)
- The secreted sweat serves several purposes in humans. (lifeafterjob.com)
Vulva1
- Dogs and cats have apocrine glands that are specialized in both structure and function located at the eyelids (Moll's glands), ears (ceruminous glands), anal sac, prepuce vulva, and circumanal area. (wikipedia.org)
Duct2
- Sweat glands are a type of exocrine gland, which are glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. (wikipedia.org)
- Generally, sweat glands consist of a secretory unit that produces sweat, and a duct that carries the sweat away. (wikipedia.org)
Excrete1
- In extreme conditions, human beings may excrete several litres of such sweat in an hour. (britannica.com)
Aged adults1
- In young people, they discovered sweat glands contributed more cells to wound closure than in aged adults. (eurekalert.org)