Apocynaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Tabernaemontana
Asclepias
Periploca
Rauwolfia
Medicinal foodstuffs. XXIV. Chemical constituents of the processed leaves of Apocynum venetum L.: absolute stereostructures of apocynosides I and II. (1/70)
Two new ionone glucosides, named apocynosides I and II, were isolated from the roasted leaves of Apocynum venetum L. together with nine known compounds. The absolute stereostructures of apocynosides I and II were determined by chemical and physicochemical evidence, which included the application of a modified Mosher's method and the circular dichroism helicity rule. (+info)A bioactive spirolactone iridoid and triterpenoids from Himatanthus sucuuba. (2/70)
Himatanthus sucuuba is an Amazonian tree with abundant, yet conflicting ethnobotanical information. Investigation of the polar and non-polar constituents led to the isolation of plumericin, a bioactive spirolactone iridoid, and four known pentacylic triterpenes: lupeol acetate, lupeol cinnamate, lupeol beta-phenyl propionate, and alpha-amyrin cinnamate. (+info)Morphological and ultrastructural diversity of orbicules in relation to evolutionary tendencies in apocynaceae s.L. (3/70)
Minute granules of sporopollenin, called orbicules, can be observed on the innermost tangential and/or radial walls of secretory tapetum cells. Orbicules were investigated in 62 species (50 genera) of Apocynaceae s.l. using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Orbicules were found in 43 species (34 genera) distributed amongst the subfamilies Rauvolfioideae, Apocynoideae, Periplocoideae, and in the genus Riocreuxia (Asclepiadoideae). Absence of orbicules is apparent in Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae (except Riocreuxia). The orbicule types described are based on observed morphological and ultrastructural variation. Of the six orbicule types previously described, Type I and Type II orbicules are lacking. In the majority of species, Type III orbicules were recorded in addition to Types IV, V and VI. In this study we suggest that embedded Type VI orbicules are more derived. A correlation between orbicule typology and evolutionary tendencies in Apocynaceae s.l. palynology was found. A trend was observed from the presence of Type III orbicules in the majority of species belonging to the basal group of genera characterized by colporate to porate single pollen grains, or 3-6-porate tetrads, towards the more derived embedded Type VI orbicules in the more advanced Periplocoideae genera with multiporate tetrads or pollinia. Orbicule data have proven not to be useful for evaluating tribal delimitation within the Apocynaceae s.l. contrary to the Rubiaceae and Loganiaceae s.l. (+info)Wrightiamines A and B, two new cytotoxic pregnane alkaloids from Wrightia javanica. (4/70)
Two new pregnane alkaloids, wrightiamines A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the extract of the tropical Apocynaceous plant Wrightia javanica collected in Thailand, and their structures were elucidated by spectral data. Wrightiamine B (2) was preparaed from 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one to establish the configuration of the C-20 position as S. Wrightiamine A (1) exhibited cytotoxic activity against vincristine-resistant murine leukemia P388 cells. (+info)Generic delimitations in tuberous Periplocoideae (Apocynaceae) from Africa and Madagascar. (5/70)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The number of genera included in Apocynaceae subfamily Periplocoideae is a matter of debate. DNA sequences are used here as an independent dataset to clarify generic relationships and classification of the tuberous periplocoid genera and to address the question of the phylogenetic interpretation of pollinia formation in Schlechterella. METHODS: Representatives of nearly all African and Malagasy genera of Periplocoideae possessing root tubers were analysed using ITS and plastid DNA sequence characters. RESULTS: Sequence data from non-coding molecular markers (ITS of nrDNA and the trnT-L and trnL-F spacers as well as the trnL intron of plastid DNA) give support for a broad taxonomic concept of Raphionacme including Pentagonanthus. Together with Schlechterella, which is sister to Raphionacme, all Raphionacme-like taxa form a derived monophyletic group of somewhat diverse species. Sister to the Schlechterella/Raphionacme clade is a clade comprising Stomatostemma and the not truly tuberous vine Mondia. In the combined analysis, sister to these two clades combined is a clade formed by Petopentia natalensis and Periploca. CONCLUSIONS: The recent inclusion of the monotypic South African Petopentia in the monotypic Malagasy endemic Ischnolepis is to be rejected. The Malagasy Camptocarpus is sister to the remainder of Periplocoideae in the ITS and combined analyses, and a Malagasy origin for the subfamily is discussed. (+info)New cytotoxic cardenolide glycoside from the seeds of Cerbera manghas. (6/70)
A new cytotoxic cardenolide glycoside, 3beta-O-(2'-O-acetyl-alpha-L-thevetosyl)-14beta-hydroxy-7-en-5beta-card-20(22)-en olide, (7,8-dehydrocerberin), together with five known cardenolides, 17beta-neriifolin, deacetyltanghinin, tanghinin, cerberin and 2'-O-acetyl-cerleaside A were isolated from the seeds of Cerbera manghas L. Their structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques as well as UV, IR and mass spectral data. 7,8-Dehydrocerberin, deacetyltanghinin and tanghinin exhibited cytotoxic activities against oral human epidermoid carcinoma (KB), human breast cancer cell (BC) and human small cells lung cancer (NCI-H187). (+info)Characterization of graphislactone A as the antioxidant and free radical-scavenging substance from the culture of Cephalosporium sp. IFB-E001, an endophytic fungus in Trachelospermum jasminoides. (7/70)
The extracts derived from cultures of 1626 endophytic strains harbored in Trachelospermum jasminoides were assayed for more potent antioxidant and/or free radical-scavenging agents. The free radical-scavenging assessment was carried out using l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical assays, and the antioxidant actions on linoleic acid and human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) models. After extensive spectroscopic analyses, graphislactone A was characterized as the most bioactive secondary metabolite of endophytic Cephalosporium sp. IFB-E001 with its free radical-scavenging (in a dose-dependent manner) and antioxidant activities ascertained in vitro to be stronger than those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid, the two positive references coassayed in the study. From the demonstrated efficacy of graphislactone A in preventing and protecting against oxidative injury, it can be predicted that this metabolite could be a potential agent in the management of oxidative damage-initiated diseases. (+info)Morphological and secretory characterization of extrafloral nectaries in plants of coastal Veracruz, Mexico. (8/70)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Morphological descriptions of the extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) of certain plant species are common in the literature, but they rarely relate morphology with histology, gland distribution and secretory attributes. In this study a morphological/secretory characterization of EFNs occurring on several plant species in a tropical coastal community is made and the implications of gland attributes discussed from a functional perspective. METHODS: The morphology and nectar secretion of the EFNs of 20 plant species are characterized through scanning electron microscopy, histochemical detection of reducing sugars (Fehling's reagent) and nectar volume/concentration estimates. KEY RESULTS: Sixty-five per cent of plant species in coastal communities had EFNs on vegetative structures and 35 % of species had glands on reproductive and vegetative organs. The Fabaceae is the plant family with the most species with EFNs and most diversity of gland morphologies. Four types of vascularized nectaries and four of glandular trichomes are described; sugar-secreting trichomes are characterized using Fehling's technique, and the first descriptions of unicellular and peltate trichomes functioning as EFNs are provided. Glands of ten plant species and six genera are described for the first time. Four plant species possess more than one morphological type of EFN. Eleven species have EFNs in more than one location or organ. More complex glands secrete more nectar, but are functionally homologous to the aggregations of numerous secretory trichomes on specific and valuable plant organs. CONCLUSION: Important diversity of EFN morphology was foundin the coastal plant community studied. Both vascularized and non-vascularized EFNs are observed in plants and, for the latter, previously non-existent morpho-secretory characterizations are provided with a methodological approach to study them. It is recommended that studies relating EFN attributes (i.e. morphology, distribution) with their differential visitation by insects (i.e. ants) and the cost of maintenance to the plants are carried out to understand the evolution of these glands. (+info)Apocynaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes shrubs, trees, and vines. It's also known as the dogbane or milkweed family. The plants in this family have milky sap and contain toxic compounds, which can be harmful or even fatal to animals and humans if ingested. Some well-known members of Apocynaceae include the various species of milkweeds (Asclepias spp.), oleander (Nerium oleander), and periwinkle (Vinca spp.).
The family is characterized by having opposite leaves, flowers with five petals and five sepals, and a superior ovary. The fruits are usually paired follicles that contain numerous seeds with tufts of hair to aid in wind dispersal. Many species in this family have medicinal or toxic properties, and some have economic importance as ornamental plants, sources of fiber, or for their use in traditional medicine.
"Aspidosperma" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, which are native to the Americas. These trees and shrubs are known for their milky sap and contain various alkaloids with potential medicinal properties. However, it's important to note that many of these compounds can also be toxic if not used properly. Therefore, "Aspidosperma" itself is not a medical term or treatment, but rather a botanical name for a group of plants. Any medicinal use of these plants should be done under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.
Asclepiadaceae is a former family of flowering plants that is now considered to be part of the larger family Apocynaceae. It was named after Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine and healing, due to the medicinal properties of some of its members. The plants in this family are primarily tropical or subtropical vines, shrubs, and trees that have milky sap and opposite leaves. They are known for their unique flower structure, which includes a corona of fleshy, modified stamens surrounding the central reproductive structures. Some examples of plants that were once classified in Asclepiadaceae include milkweeds (Asclepias spp.), periwinkles (Catharanthus roseus), and mandevillas (Mandevilla spp.).
"Tabernaemontana" is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. It includes around 100 species that are native to tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Some species of Tabernaemontana contain alkaloids, which have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating pain, inflammation, and gastrointestinal disorders. However, it is important to note that these compounds can also be toxic if not used properly, so they should only be administered under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.
"Asclepias" is a genus of plants in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). It includes several species commonly known as milkweeds. These plants are native to North America and are known for their milky sap and clusters of pink, yellow, or white flowers. Some species of Asclepias are important host plants for the monarch butterfly, which lays its eggs on the leaves and uses the sap to fuel its migration.
Periploca is a term used in anatomy and it refers to a structure or part that surrounds or binds another. It is derived from the name of a genus of climbing plants, Periploca, which have twining stems that wrap around other plants for support.
However, I couldn't find any specific medical definition related to a disease, condition or procedure with the term 'Periploca'. If you are referring to a specific medical context, please provide more details so I can give a more accurate answer.
"Rauwolfia" is the name of a genus of plants in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). It includes several species that have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes. The most well-known species is probably Rauwolfia serpentina, also known as Indian snakeroot or sarpagandha.
Extracts from the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina contain a number of alkaloids with pharmacological activity, including reserpine, which has been used in modern medicine to treat high blood pressure and some psychiatric disorders. However, due to its side effects, it is not commonly used today.
It's important to note that the use of Rauwolfia and its extracts should be done under medical supervision, as they can have significant effects on various body systems, including the heart, blood pressure, and nervous system.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
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Plants of Texas Rangelands » Families » Apocynaceae
Asclepiadoideae8
- The former family Asclepiadaceae (now known as Asclepiadoideae) is considered a subfamily of Apocynaceae and contains 348 genera. (wikipedia.org)
- but modern botanists make that family a subfamily (Asclepiadoideae) of the Dogbane family, Apocynaceae. (florapittsburghensis.com)
- Meve U., Liede, S. 2002 A molecular phylogeny and generic rearrangement of the stapelioid Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). (ntu.edu.tw)
- Meve U., Liede, S. 2004 Subtribal division of Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). (ntu.edu.tw)
- Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) currently consists of three species sharing an erect herbaceous habit, narrow leaves and corona-less flowers with urceolate, internally bearded corolla, that are mainly distributed in savannahs of the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot, South America. (mnhn.fr)
- 2016. Cynanchum (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae): a pantropical Asclepiadoid genus revisited. (ntu.edu.tw)
- The genera Cynanchum and Vincetoxicum (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) in Malesia. (ntu.edu.tw)
- Matelea falcata Juárez-Jaimes, G. M. Hernández-Barón & W. D. Stevens (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) is described and illustrated. (mobot.org)
Genus1
- Monograph of Ancylobotrys, a genus counting 7 species of the Apocynaceae-Plumerioideae-Carisseae-Landolphiinae restricted to Africa. (org.mz)
Species4
- Many species of plants from the family Apocynaceae have some toxicity, with some being extremely poisonous if parts are ingested, or if they are not handled properly. (wikipedia.org)
- The anticancer properties of Apocynaceae species are well known in barks and roots but less so in leaves. (phcogres.com)
- In this study, leaf extracts of 10 Apocynaceae species were assessed for antiproliferative (APF) activities using the sulforhodamine B assay. (phcogres.com)
- 2019. Cynanchum brevipedunculatum, a new species of Apocynaceae from Yunnan, China. (ntu.edu.tw)
Asclepiadaceae1
- 1838 The former family Asclepiadaceae is included in Apocynaceae according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (APG III) modern, largely molecular-based system of flowering plant taxonomy. (wikipedia.org)
20193
- Kambale S.S., Yadav, S.R. 2019 Taxonomic revision of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae: Ceropegieae) in India. (ntu.edu.tw)
- 2019. Apocynaceae. (ntu.edu.tw)
- Apparue d'abord dans le canton de Wuhan en Chine fin 2019, pratiquement plus aucun pays n'est épargné à ce jour. (bvsalud.org)
Dogbane1
- Apocynaceae (/əˌpɑːsəˈneɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/, from Apocynum, Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison. (wikipedia.org)
Ceropegia1
- A revised, phylogenetically-based concept of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae). (wikimedia.org)
Periplocoideae1
- A taxonomic revision of Schlechterella (Periplocoideae, Apocynaceae). (wikimedia.org)
Trachelospermum1
- Apocynaceae Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl. (bas-net.by)
Pachypodium2
- Some genera of Apocynaceae, such as Adenium, bleed clear sap without latex when damaged, and others, such as Pachypodium, have milky latex apart from their sap. (wikipedia.org)
- Pachypodium rosulatum , common name elephant's foot plant , belongs to the family Apocynaceae . (wikipedia.org)
Family7
- See below) Several members of the family Apocynaceae have had economic uses in the past. (wikipedia.org)
- Plumeria, or frangipani, are members of the Apocynaceae family. (ufl.edu)
- Here, an account of the Apocynaceae, the seventh largest family in Namibia, is presented. (nhbs.com)
- Family Apocynaceae Alstonia Schlaris R. Br. (forestrypedia.com)
- Learn about the word Family apocynaceae to help solve your crossword puzzle. (bayareacrosswords.org)
- Discover Family apocynaceae definitions and meaning, origins, synonyms, related terms and more at the free Crossword Dictionary. (bayareacrosswords.org)
- What's The Definition Of Family apocynaceae? (bayareacrosswords.org)
Plants1
- 2017. Schlechterella ( Apocynaceae ) in Kew Science Plants of the World Online . (wikimedia.org)
Genera1
- A list of Apocynaceae genera may be found here. (wikipedia.org)
PLANT1
- u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFamily: Apocynaceae\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis plant is shipped in a 6 inch hanging basket. (stevesleaves.com)
Rauvolfia2
Subfamilies1
- In this new concept, Apocynaceae presents an unusual synorganization of floral structures and, only through a comparative analysis of different subfamilies, is possible to understand how this group reached this high degree of floral complexity. (usp.br)
Adenium1
- Some genera of Apocynaceae, such as Adenium, bleed clear sap without latex when damaged, and others, such as Pachypodium, have milky latex apart from their sap. (wikipedia.org)
Flora1
- Plate 18 from The flora of South Africa (vol. 3, part 1) featuring Apocynaceae. (sun.ac.za)
Record1
- Apocynaceae) - a new distribution record for Kerala from Chinnar Wild Life Sanctuary, India. (google.com)
Definition1
- What is the definition of Apocynaceae? (dictionary.net)
China1
- Apocynaceae), from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated based on molecular and morphological evidence. (authorea.com)